Lab Images 2Sunday, November 22, 20156:54 PM Lab 7 - PhotosynthesisChlorophyll action spectrumWhat is the benefit to having chlorophyll a and b absorb in slightly different wavelengths? -More of the visible spectrum is usable for photosynthesisGreen leaf tested for photosynthesisWhat was the purpose of treating the leaf withhot ethanol? -Remove chlorophyll to let starch show, if presentVariegated leaf tested for photosynthesis, topto bottom: leached with water, treated with hot ethanol, tested with Lugol'sWhy do the darker Lugol's test areas indicate? -More PS in green areas. + test in maroon areas mean maroon masks chlorophyll and/or starch translocated in leafMaroon leaf tested for photosynthesis Top to bottom: leached with water,treated with hot ethanol, tested with Lugol'sWhy does the leaf test positive for starch if it isn't green? -Maroon pigments mask the chlorophyll. They were removed by the waterHelianthus annuus, Common sunflowerflower, buds, leaves, dicotWhich reaction(s) of photosynthesis could be occurring in this plant?-Both light or photochemical reaction AND thebiochemical reaction (which islight independent) Close up of Elodea showing chloroplasts and central vacuoleIn a chloroplast, photosynthesis occurs in ______ membranes arranged as _______. -Thylakoid membranes, grana stacks Maintenance of Elodea for photosynthetic activityHow are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related? -Photo uses CO2and H2O to produce O2 and sugar.-Cellular resp uses O2 to breakdown sugar and produce H2O, CO2 andenergyPhotosynthesis light box setupIn this experiment the number of floating spinach disks was used as a measure of _______.-Photosynthetic activity; PS produces oxygen,which causes the disks to floatSpectrophotometerdiagramRefer to the lab manualand identify the labeledstructures Visible Light SpectrumWhat part of the spectrum would you NOT expect a plant to use for photosynthesis?-Green wavelengths Lab 8 - Mitosis/MeiosisMerismopedia Wm 1000XProkaryotes generally reproduce by what process? -Binary fission Mitosis in white fish blastodis section, late anaphase + metaphaseDuring mitosis and meiosis in animals, _______ extend from the ______ at the poles of the cell, attach to the chromosomes, and separate them.-Spindle fibers, centrioles Fruit Fly, Giant Polytene Salivary Gland ChromosomesWhat is the difference between a polytene and a normal chromosome? -Polytene chromosomes replicate during interphase but do not undergo mitosisFruit Fly, Giant Polytene Salivary Gland Chromosomes, 1000xIdentify a "puff" site (left center). What does a puff site indicate? -An area where DNA has uncoiled to permit the transcription of mRNA prior to protein synthesis. Allium cepa, onion, root tip, mitosis l.s.Identify the four stages of mitosis visible in this slide -Interphase, prophase, metaphase, telophase Allium, onion root tip, mitosis 1000xIdentify the mitotic stage in the upper center of the slide-MetaphaseAllium, onion root tip, mitosisIdentify the following: a cell in interphase, a cell in anaphase, a cell in telophase and a cell with a nearly complete cell plate. Allium, onion root tip, mitosis 1000xIdentify the cell undergoing anaphase. What is a key characteristic of this stage? -Chromosomes are drawn to opposite polesAllium, onion root tip, mitosis 1000xIdentify the cells where chromosomes are condensing to become visible. What mitotic stage is characterized by this step?-ProphaseAllium, onion root tip, mitosis, iron hematoxylin stain, 1000xIdentify as many stages as possible. -Interphase, early prophase, late prophase, early anaphase Allium (onion) root tip, l.s. mitosis, iron haematoxylin stain - 100x Identify the meristem region. -Look for the largest number of dividing cells Lily anther early prophase, meiosis I, 400x sectionIdentify the meiotic stage. -Early prophase ILily anther, 1st meiotic division, meiosis I, 400x, cross section, meiotic stagesIdentify three meiotic stages from this slide.-Prophase I, metaphase I, and early anaphase I Lily anther, 2nd meiotic division, meiosis I, 400x, cross section, meiotic stages, 2-nucleateAre these cells undergoing mitosis or meiosis? Identify the stages. -Meiosis, telophase I and prophase II Lily anther, diakinesis, late prophase, meiosis, 400xThese cells are undergoing meiosis. What will be the result? -Four haploid pollen grains for each cellCat ovary sec, 400x What structure is shown? Pinpoint the secondary oocyte. -Graafian follicle with mature egg; secondary oocyte Reproductive system, cat testis, 400xLocate the sperm cell, lumen of seminiferous tubule, spermatids, spermatocytes, sertoli cells and basement membrane. (Refer to the lab manual) Lab 9 - Theory of Heredity (Pedigree)Meiosis, crossing over,chromosomes, dyadWhat event is simulated here? -Crossing over during Prophase I of meiosis)Meiosis, Mendelian genetics, allele segregation, chromosomesIs this a simulation of mitosis or Meiosis? How can you tell? -Meiosis, chromosomes have segregated so daughter cells will not be identical Meiosis, Mendelian genetics, independentassortment, chromosomes, allelesWhich of Mendel's laws is illustrated here?-2nd law - alleles assort independentlyMonohybrid cross Give the genotypes of the parents. What is the phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation? -Rr x Rr; 3:1. Heterozygotes will resemble homozygous dominants; only the homozygous recessives will diff Dihybrid cross How many traits are involved? What is the usual phenotypic ratio in a dihybrid cross? -2 traits, each with 2 alleles; 9:3:3:1 Turner karyotype What nondisjunction syndrome is shown in this karyotype? Give the sex and sex chromosome genotype.-Turner's syndrome; female, XONormal female karyotypeWhat defect, if any, does this karyotype show? -Normal human female Down's Syndrome karyotype, trisomy 21Identify the nondisjunction syndrome and give the sex of the individual. -Down syndrome or Trisomy 21; male Kleinfelter's syndromekaryotypeWhat nondisjunction syndrome is shown? What is the sex of the subject?-Kleinfelter's--usually XXY, but this male is XXXXYFour-o-clock flower, codominance, geneticsWhat exception to Mendelian Genetics is illustrated? -Codominance Lethal allele - green & albino corn - 3:1 ratioWhat are the two possible genotypes for the green seedlings? How many alleles for albino must the white seedlings each have? -Green are either homozygous green or heterozygous; the white see Albino corn lethal alleleHow do lethal alleles persist in the gene pool? -In