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TAMU BIOL 111 - Lab Practical 1

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Lab ImagesFriday, September 18, 201512:57 AM Lab 1Termite flagellate (400x)What type of microscope is used to view minute organisms such as these flagellates from a termite's gut? -Compound microscopeDissecting microscope, stereoscopic zoom microscopeWhat type of scope is shown? Is it used for larger or smaller items?-Dissecting or stereomicroscope-Used for larger specimensCompound microscope, light housing and iris diaphragmIdentify the iris diaphragm. What type of microscope is shown?-Compound scopeCompound microscope, nosepiece, objectives, stageIdentify objectives, stage, nosepiece, slide holder. What type of microscope is shown?-Compound microscopeLetter e, w.m.100xAs magnification increases, the amount of light needed toview the specimen _______________ and the field of view becomes ___________.-Increases; smallerCrossed threads In microscopy, as magnification increases, depth of field ____________. How do you adjust the focal plane at high magnification?-Decreases; with the fine focus ONLY Lab 2Black ink chromatography: separation of pigments in black ink by water chromatographyIn this demonstration, what is the solvent and what is the solute? -Solvent = water-Solutes = pigment particles in the ink Lugol: positive test for starch (right test tube) using Lugol's solutionWhat type of carbohydrates does testing with Lugol's solution detect? -Starch, or specifically amylaseOsmotic Pressure blood cells: effects of tonicity on red blood cellsThe process by which cells lose water in a hypertonic solution is?-PlasmolysisRed cabbage pigment solution at different pHlevelsWhich has a higher concentration of H+ ions, an acidic or basic solution?-AcidicWater strider demonstrating surface tension of waterWhat property of water allowsthese insects to walk on its surface?-High surface tensionHuman Erythrocytes Osmotic Pressure: red blood cells in hypertonic, isotonic, hypotonic solutionsIn a hypertonic solution, wateris moving out of the cells.Elodea hydrophytic leaf, Anacharis leaf, 400xAre these plant or animal cells? Identify some of the structures. -Plant: nucleus, chloroplasts, cell wall, vacuoleElodea, hydrophytic leaf, whorled leaf arrangementWhy is Elodea (Anacharis) a commonly placed in fresh water aquaria?-It releases oxygen as aproduct of photosynthesis which is essential to keep fish healthyElodea hydrophytic leaf, w.m. 100x, chloroplasts, cytoplasmic streamingName two ways the green dots support life on earth. -Site of photosynthesis which produces O2 and sugar. O2 is essential for aerobic respiration. Sugar is basis of most food websClose up of Elodea showing chloroplasts and central vacuoleWhat is the evolutionary history of chloroplasts in plantcells?-Believed to be originally cyanobacterialendosymbionts Lab 3Three indicators for biomolecules What does a positive test with each of these three reagents indicate?-Benedict's = reducing sugar-Lugol's = starch-Biuret = peptide bonds (proteins) Benedict's test for reducing sugars What color is a negative test with Benedict's solution?-Negative = pale blueWhat color is positive?-Positive = depends on the amount of sugars present; at high concentrations and with heat, a positive Lugol: positive test for starch (right test tube) using Lugol's solutionWhat type of carbohydrates does testing with Lugol's solution detect? -Starch, or specifically amylasePositive Biuret test for peptide links (protein)In the presence of peptide bonds, Biuret reagent changes from light blue to purpleOrganic Molecules TestsA. Negative BiuretB. Positive Lugol'sC. Positive ninhydrinD. Positive Benedict'sE. Negative Benedict's Which of these tests shows the presence of an amino acid?-Positve ninhydrinNinhydrin What does this indicator test for, and what color denotes a positive result?-Amino acid, purple or yellowAldehyde What type of molecule is this?-The H-C=O group is terminal, so this is an aldehydeOnion epidermal peel with negative Lugol's stainBased upon this Lugol's test, is starch stored in onion cells?-NoKetone What sort of compound is shown?-Ketone, the C=O is in the middle of the moleculeCarboxyl group What functional group is present in this molecule?-Carboxyl OH-C=OAmine compound What sort of chemical compound is this? -Amine--the nitrogen is a giveawayPositve Sudan IV Test In lab, the positive Sudan IV test indicates the presence of what type of biomolecule?-LipidFunctional Groups of Organic Molecules - A: ketone; B: amine; C: aldehyde; D: carboxyl; E: hydroxylIdentify the functional groups (empty sticks indicate the location of the rest of the molecule) -A-ketone-B-amine-C-aldehyde-D-carboxyl-E-hydroxl Lab 4Spectrophotometer Identify sample compartment, wavelength selector, mode selection, screen where results appear.Spectrophotometer diagramRefer to the lab manual and identify the labeled structuresLab 5Gram stain reagentsWhat does each of these reagents do in a Gram staining procedure? What other reagent is needed? -Crystal violet stains peptidoglycan-Iodine fixes violet-Alcohol decolorizes by removing outer layer Reagents used in Gram staining in scrambled orderIn what order are these used? -(answer: violet, water, iodine, water, alcohol, water, safranin, water)Paramecium w.m., 100x Identify this organism. How does it move? -Paramecium; ciliaHuman sperm, spermatozoa, stained, 1000xDescribe how the form of these cells fit their function-Mobile sperm cells must swim to the egg, flagella propels the nuclear material forwardSquamous epithelium, isolated cells,human male, 1000xIs this an animal or a plant cell? How can you tell?-Animal (human); no cell wallSquamous epithelium, isolated cells,human male, 1000xIdentify the large dark mass in the center of the cell-NucleusPlant, animal, and generalized cell modelsWhat is the central empty feature in the leftmost cell? Is this a plant or animal cell?-Vacuole, plantAnimal Cell Identify plasma membrane, nucleus, Golgi apparatus, ribosome, mitochondrion, centrioles, flagellumEscherichia coli, bacillus, gram negative bacteria, prokaryote 1000xTo what domain do these organisms belong?-BacteriaEscherichia coli, bacillus, gram negative bacteria, prokaryote, antibiotic plateWhich antibiotic appears to be most effective against the bacterial culture in this test plate? How can you tell? -C. It has the largest zone of inhibitionBacteria flagella w.m. 1000x What is the function of bacteria flagella? -Locomotion3 bacteria; Bacilli, Spirilla, and cocci - 1000xWhat is the name for the spiral-shaped


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TAMU BIOL 111 - Lab Practical 1

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