GLY 102 Exam 2 Study Guide Bolded text may be short answers / fill in the blank.Weather Patterns and Sevier Weather:1. What is Earth’s atmospheric composition? - Aerosols and dust- 99% of atmospheric gases, including water vapor2. How does the present atmosphere differ from earlier atmosphere?- Rich in N2 and CO2 - Volcanic degassing- Meteors possible earths source of water?3. Relative to the thickness of the atmosphere where does most weather occur?- Within the first 10-15km4. What layer does most of the weather occur?- Troposphere5. Why does weather occur in this layer?- Most water vapor in the Troposphere and heating from below6. Is this layer uniform across the planet- No, varies in height7. Where it is thicker and why is it thickest there?- Thickest at the equator because of spinning of earth and higher temperatures8. Know that an air mass has similar temperatures and pressures throughout.9. Know the different air mass classification symbols; m,c,P,T10.Know the 4 different types of air mass, where they are in relation to NorthAmerica and the temperature and moisture of each. (Short Answer fill in.)11.Why do convection cells within the atmosphere form? - Due to the difference in temperature12.Understand how air circulates on the planet.GLY 102 Exam 2 Study Guide Bolded text may be short answers / fill in the blank.13.Know the 4 different types of fronts.14.Know that severe weather occurs as fronts collide.15.Why do mid latitude cyclones form?- Due to low pressure, warm air, cool air spiraling around16.Be able to interoperate a weather map.Severe Weather Hazards:17.Why might snow turn to sleet then to freezing rain?18.Why do thunderstorms form?- Warm air rapidly rising causing updrafts to bring moisture to the tops of cloud19.How does lightning form?- From frictions of updrafts and downdrafts20.Where do most thunderstorms occur?- Warm and moist areas21.What are several hazards of thunder storms?- Flash floods, tornadoes, strong windsGLY 102 Exam 2 Study Guide Bolded text may be short answers / fill in the blank.22.How does hail form?- When thunderstorms updrafts are strong enough to carry water droplets above freezing level23.Know that tornados are the shortest, most destructive of all the severe weather.24.Where are tornados common in the U.S.?- Northern states towards the center25.When are tornados most common in the U.S and why are they common at these times?- During the summer due to it being the warmest time of the year26.Know that hurricanes are the greatest storms on Earth.27.Where do hurricanes form?- In warm large bodies of water28.What is the difference between a tropical depression and a hurricane?- Hurricane is 74mph and above29.What controls how large a storm will be?- Pressure30.How can hurricanes die?- When it reaches land- Reaches cooler water31.What are some hazards of hurricanes?- Houses destroyed- FloodsThe Hydrologic Cycle:32. Be familiar with how water moves about the globe – Sketch the steps of the hydrologic cycle: evaporation, condensation, precipitation, infiltration, runoff, 33.What are some of the things that determine whether or not water will infiltrate orrunoff?34.What powers the hydrologic cycle?- The Sun35.Know the different reservoirs for water & the rank of how much water is in each.a. (Ocean has the most water, Glaciers and Ice caps have the second…)b. Where is the largest of amount of fresh water found?o Glaciers and Ice CapsGLY 102 Exam 2 Study Guide Bolded text may be short answers / fill in the blank.c. Where is the largest amount of non-frozen fresh water found?o Groundwater36.What factors influence whether or not water infiltrates or runs off.- Saturation level- Permeability37.What is the dew point?- Atmospheric temperature below which water droplets begin to condense38.What is the difference between humidity and relative humidity?- Relative Humidity – expressed as a percent relative to the maximum temperature- Humidity – Ratio of the water vapor content of the mixture to the total air contentSurface Water:39.What percent of the Earth’s surface is covered by water?- 71%40.What is a stream?- Small, narrow river41.What is a drainage basin?- Area of land drained by a river42.Why is stream flow crucial for humans?- Essential resource for soil and habitat43.What factors influence stream velocity?- Volume of water and slope- Channel shape44.What things happen if you change the base level of a stream by building adam?- Lowers velocity- Upstream gradient becomes less steep- Decrease energy to move sediment45.Understand how streams change from the head to the mouth. Know what the gradient of a stream is.46.Know the different loads a stream can carry:a. Dissolved, b. Suspended, c. Bed – know that the bed load moves by saltation (hopping and skipping along the bottom)47.Know the difference between permeant and ephemeral streams.48.Know the 4 different drainage network patterns.- Dendritic – Branching/ Tree-like- Radial – Draining in all directions- Trellis – channels cutting across landscape- Rectangular – channels aligned in two directions49.Know the two different types of streams and what makes them different.- Meandering – curves- Braided – crosses channels and higher velocity normally located in mountainsGLY 102 Exam 2 Study Guide Bolded text may be short answers / fill in the blank.50. Know how a meandering stream moves and the features associated with a meandering stream: oxbow lake, point bar, cut bank & natural levees.51. Be able to discuss what is happening with the Mississippi River, its delta, the stream channel location and the Atchafalaya River.- Mississippi River’s delta is constantly moving- Atchafalaya River is becoming narrower to the point of non-existent52.Know the different types of floods.- Seasonal- Flash flood- Coastal Flood- CatastrophicMass Wasting:53.What is mass wasting?54.Know that the major difference between the different mass wasting events is a. Rate of movement – slow to fast.b. Type of material moving – earth, mud, rock, ice.c. Nature of material - cloud, slurry, or distinct blocks.d. The immediate surroundings (subaerial or submarine).Note: I will show you a picture or two and ask you about how material moves, is it fast or slow, what effects it might have on the surrounding land area…. Ex: creep – slow movement of the uppermost soil and rock. Trees bend at the earth’s surface.55. What are the causes of mass wasting?- Gravitational pull- Increased water- Removed