Geology Final SGPlate tectonic?- Moving lithosphere due to convection from the mantlePlate Boundaries determined?- By locations/patterns of earthquakesHow do Volcanoes occur?- From Convergent plate boundary, one crust slide beneath another and magma riseThree dominant atmospheric gas- Nitrogen, Oxygen, ArgonDifferent layers of atmosphere based on?- TemperatureLayer ozone concentrated in?- StratosphereWhy do temperatures rise in the atmosphere?- Ozone absorbs UV radiations from the sunOzone does not have a direct correlation to the greenhouse effectEvenings with cloudy skies are warmVenus is hotter than mercury due to greenhouse gases3 Major effects of Global warming- Droughts, Fires, StorminessEffect of Global Warming- Long Term – Plate Tectonics- Short Term – Volcanic ActivityWhy ozone holes’ form over poles- Chemical breakdowns tend to follow cold air which generally sinks towards the poles from the equator- Isolation of air occurs at the polesHow are air masses classified?- Moisture content and source locationWhere does severe weather occur?- When Fronts collideCold Fronts move faster than warm frontsCold fronts are the most aggressiveWhen do clouds form?- When warm, moist air is thrust upward cooling and condensingWhat is the primary requirement for the formation of thunderstorms?- Warm, Moist airGreatest, largest storms on Earth?- Hurricanes-Where does the energy for hurricanes come from?- Heat energy of evaporating watersMouth – End of the stream where it flows into another body of waterGradient – The vertical drop of a stream over a distanceDischarge – amount of water flowing past a certain point in a given amount of timeTurbulent Flow – Water particles flow in an erratic paths and move in swirls and whirlpoolsLaminar Flow - Water flow in straight-line paths and move steadily down the streamBed load – Solid material too large for effective carrying by the fastest streams, moving by rolling or saltationSuspended Load – Most obvious form of load where sediment is flowing with the stream water, greatly affected by velocityDissolved Load – Invisible to the naked eye, no effect on velocity, 4 billion metric tons to oceansSaltation – Bouncing / hopping of sediment down streamMore erosion occurs at the head of the riverCut Bank, ErosionPoint Bar, DepositionMass Wasting – Rate of Movement, Type of Material and MovementGlaciers cover 10% of Earth’s land surfaceEffects of changing temperature on Earth usually observed to be the greatest- The Arctic and AntarcticFjord – Flooded glacial valley along the coast, with steep sidesAverage Ocean salinity – 35%El Nino – Weak Trade winds, warm sea surface temperatures in the Eastern Pacific- Brings rain the coastal desertsLa Nina – Strong Trade winds, Cold sea surface temperatures in the South Pacific- Weather extremes in certain locationsNorth Atlantic Deep Water – High salinity, low temperaturePycnocline – Density changes rapidly with depthOcean mixes entirely in about 1000-2000 yearsCrevasse Formations?- Result of movement and stress when the top layer is moving at different ratesActive Continental Margin Vs Passive Continental MarginActive – Leading edge of the continent where it crashes into an oceanic platePassive – There is no collisions or subduction