8 22 13 Notes Intro to Criminal Justice Balance o Social control Society as a whole sets standards of normative behavior Upholds through sanctions Formal Informal Informal Social Control o Norms enforced through forces of Family School Religion Formal SC o Through Law Limited Powers of gov t o Balance between rights and other benefits o The gov t is central to public safety and order maintenance Crime Control vs Due Process Law without order is anarchy but order without law is tyranny Key people Nixon Josh Warren Chief Justice o Due Process Model No matter the defense you deserve a full trial o Crime Control Model Mandatory sentences opposite of due process model Structures of CJ Law enforcement Prosecutors and the Courts Probation and parole Jails prisons other correctional agencies Dual System of Justice Separation of State and Federal Gov ts Picket fence CJ system 8 22 13 Notes Intro to Criminal Justice Law enforcement is the primary officials responsible for detecting crime and bringing offenders into the CJ system Arrest Legally arrested o Officer tells you what you did tells you that you re arrested and takes you into custody Behaviorally arrested o Restrained Subjectively arrested o Doesn t feel free to go after being interrogated Officially arrested o Police writes a report Booking Accuses you of a crime o Takes fingerprint b day o Tells you what you re being arrested for Prosecution 1 Charges filed 2 Initial Appearance a Bail is set b Defendant isn t asked for their plea 3 Indictment a Probable cause b Arrest warrant 4 Preliminary Hearing 5 Probable Cause a Grand Jury Presents their case for indictment 6 True Bill 8 22 13 Notes Intro to Criminal Justice a Defendant to be formally arraigned 7 Adjucation 8 Arraignment Hearing a If found guilty trial is over 9 Sentencing a Judge sentences based on crime i Mandatory minimums 10 Corrections a Probation prison house arrest Changing CJ Four Meta Influences o Civil Rights Movement System is rooted in racial discrimination Landmark Cases events Brown v Board School segregation Civil Rights Pact of 1965 not allowed to deny sales based on race o Vietnam War Law enforcement in direct conflict w protestors Kent State shootings May 4 1970 o War on Crime Declared by Johnson in 1965 President s Crime Commission findings Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Street Act Influenced of the LEAA o Concern over Homeland Security War on terrorism declared by Bush in 2001 Reorganization of federal system Due Process Linked to 14th amendment Types of Due Process o Substantive Constitutionality laws 8 22 13 Notes Intro to Criminal Justice Procedural o How they convict US Supreme Court Incorporation of rights Presumption of Innocence o Innocent until proven guilty Media flips that though
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