Introduc)on*to*Arthropods*• *Classifica)on*+*examples**""""*• *Importance*of*arthropods***"• "How*are*they*built,*and*how*do*they******func)on?***The"Five"Kingdoms*Classifica)on**Genus:*****Panthera * **Order:******Carnivora * **Class:*******Mammals * **Phylum:***Chordates * ****************(Vertebrates)**Kingdom:*Animalia * **Family:*****Felidae* ***Species:***Panthera")gris * **Classifica)on**Genus:*****Danaus*Order:******Lepidoptera*Class:*******Insecta*Phylum:***Arthropods***Kingdom:*Animalia*Family:*****Nymphalidae*Species:***Danaus*plexippus*Animal*Phyla*Arthropod*Classifica)on:*Five*subphyla*1.*Trilobitomorpha" 3.*Cheliceriformes*2.*Crustacea*5.*Hexapoda*4.*Myriapoda*Origin*of*Arthropods*• "Cambrian*explosion*(Approx*530*million*years*ago)*• *Rapid*appearance*of*most*major*groups*of****complex*animals,*including*arthropods*Burgess Shale, Yoho National ParkMarella*Yohoia*Sanctacaris*Trilobites*Evolu)on*of*Insects*150*MYA*Major*insect*groups**are*in*place**Appr.*400*mya*Insects*arose*Earliest insects: BristletailsEven*well*known*insects*are*very*old,**For*example,*two*mosquitoes**Anopheles) Aedes)120*mya*Rela)ve*diversity*of*arthropods*Total*number*of*species*described:*1,581,000**Total*number*of*arthropods*described:*1,048,000**Total*number*of**insects*described:*925,000**"How*many*species*are*there ? **Es%mates"range"from"3,000,000230,000,000"total"species""""2>2,000,000"–"20,000,000"insect"species"Es)mate:*200*million*individual*insects*for*each*hum an**on*the*planet!*Insect*diversity*“an*inordinate*fondness*for*beetles”*Why*so*many*species*of*insects?*Insects*are*a*very*old*group*a>*lots*of*)me*to*diversify**Insects*are*small*à*Exploit*large*numbers*of*habitats****Phytophagy*is*associated*with*increased*diversifica)on*rates**a>*specializa)on*on*specific*plants*to*be*able*to*deal*******with*plant’s*defenses.**The*most*speciesarich*groups*have*complete*metamorphosis**a>*allows*different*specializa)on*between*larval*and*******adult*stage**Most*insects*can*fly*a>*enhances*dispersal**Another*successful*innova)on*is*wing*folding*(e.g.*Beetles)*Arthropod*Classifica)on:*Five*subphyla*1.*Trilobitomorpha" 3.*Cheliceriformes*2.*Crustacea*5.*Hexapoda*4.*Myriapoda*Crustacea*(52,000*species*described)*10,000,000*tons*consumed*by*humans*in*2005*Copepod*Daphnia*Parasi)c*isopod*barnacles*Isopod*(woodlice)*Some examplesCoconut*crab*Lobster*Crustacea*Cont’d*Mantis shrimpCheliceriformes*Class*Chelicerata*"subclass*Merostoma***order*Eurypterida****(Water * scorpions)***order*Xiphosura*******(Horse shoe *crabs)**subclass*Arachnida***order*Scorpiones****order*Uropygi***order*Amblypygi***order*Araneae*(Spiders)***order*Opiliones***order*Acari*()cks*and*mites)***order*Solpugidae**Class*Pygnogonida*(Sea*spiders)*Cheliceriformes*Class*Chelicerata*"subclass*Merostoma***order*Eurypterida****(Water * scorpions)***order*Xiphosura*******(Horse shoe *crabs)**subclass*Arachnida***order*Scorpiones****order*Uropygi***order*Amblypygi***order*Araneae*(Spiders)***order*Opiliones***order*Acari*()cks*and*mites)***order*Solpugidae**Class*Pygnogonida*(Sea*spiders)*Cheliceriformes*Order*Eurypterida**(Water*scorpions)*Order*Xiphosura*(Horse*shoe*crabs)**Cheliceriformes*Order*Scorpiones**Order*Uropygi*(vinegaroons)"Cheliceriformes*Order*Amblypygi*Order*Araneae*(Spiders)*Cheliceriformes*Order*Opiliones*(Harvestmen)*Order*Solpugida*Urban Myth Camel Spider (Solpugida)Cheliceriformes*Order*Acari*()cks*and*mites)*Subphylum**Myriapoda*Class*Diplopoda **(Millipedes)*Class*Chilopoda*(Cen)pedes)*Class*Pauropoda* Class*Symphyla*Subphylum*Hexapoda*Class*Parainsecta*Class*Entognatha*Diplura*Class*Insecta*Protura*Collembola*Class*Insecta*Apterygota:*(wingless)*Pterygota:**(winged)*Paleoptera:*Neoptera:"Silverfish********Bristletails*Mayflies*Dragonflies*Damselflies*Endopterygota**(Holometabolous)*Exopterygota**(Hemimetabolous)*Complete*Metamorphosis*Incomplete**Metamorphosis*Exopterygota:* Endopterygota:*Wings*develop*externally* Wings*develop*internally*Juvenile*(nymph)*and*adult*look**similar*Juvenile*(larvae)*and*adult**very*different*Pupal*stage*Exopterygota:*Endopterygota:*Major*Orders:* Major*Orders:*Bukerflies*Flies/Mosquitoes*Lacewings/Antlions*Dobsonflies*Scorpionflies*Beetles*Wasp/Bees/Ants*Fleas*Caddisflies*Bi)ng/Sucking*Lice*****True*Bugs/Cicadas **Thrips * **Man)ds* **Cockroaches **Termites*S)ck*insects*Grasshoppers*Earwigs*Webspinners*Stoneflies*******Some*exopterygotes:*A B C DSome*Endopterygotes:*A B C D ESome*Endopterygotes*Cont’d:*A B CSome*Endopterygotes*Cont’d:*A B
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