Instructor Caleb Rounds Exam III Biology 151C 1 Name (yours): Directions: For questions with lettered answers choose one. For numbered answers choose A for true B for false and CE for please mark this wrong. 1. I have correctly entered my valid student ID and name on the answer sheet and I am currently enrolled in Caleb Rounds’ Bio151C class: A. Yes I have/am. B. Who wants to know? 2. A(n) ___________ reaction is spontaneous an __________ one is not. A. Exergonic/endergonic B. Endergonic/exergonic C. Exothermic/energetic D. Endothermic/exothermic E. Both B and D are correct Regarding the chart above (A is true B is false): 3. The reaction at left is endergonic. B 4. An enzyme could lower the ΔG of the reaction on the left. B 5. The reaction at right could be coupled to the formation of ATP to make the overall reaction exergonic. B 6. The energy released in the reaction at left cannot be used to do work (like pumping protons across a membrane) it will be lost as heat. B 7. Alpha tocopherol is an anti-oxidant usually called Vitamin E. Which of the following could act to recycle tocopherol so that it could continue to act as an anti-oxidant (assume appropriate redox potential)? A. Reduced vitamin C (ascorbic acid) B. Oxidized vitamin C (ascorbate) C. NADP+ D. NAD+ E. ATPInstructor Caleb Rounds Exam III Biology 151C 2 8. GTP GDP + Pi is catalyzed by GTPases (like RAS). GTPases are important regulatory molecules that are used to control many different reactions in the cell. The reaction is very similar to ATPADP + Pi energetically. How would the concentration of GDP in the cell affect the actual free energy of the reaction in the cell (not the standard free energy)? A. It would not B. If there were a lot of GDP relative to GTP, it would lower the ΔG (make it more negative) C. If there were very little GDP relative to GTP, it would lower the ΔG (make it more negative) D. It is impossible to tell from the given information E. The reaction is endergonic and needs the enzyme to make it happen, therefore the concentration of the GDP is irrelevant Complex I of the electron transport chain in mitochondria is known as NADH dehydrogenase. It (A is true B is false) 9. Reduces NADH B 10. Oxidizes NAD+ B 11. Is in the inner membrane of the mitochondria A 12. Is only in animals B 13. Oxidizes NADH A 14. Accepts an electron from NADH A Enzymes (A is true B is false) 15. Can make an endergonic reaction exergonic B 16. Lower the activation energy of a reaction A 17. Do not occur in fungi B 18. Are usually proteins A Two enzymes, smileyface hydrogenase (km= 1.6 µM Vmax = 25 µM) and poutyfase reductase (km= 5 µM Vmax = 25 µM), can both convert the substrate pouty  smiley using NADH. (Vmax should have read 25 µmole/s) 19. Poutyface reductase should work better (have a higher rate) than smileyface hydrogenase at low pouty concentrations B 20. At high concentrations of pouty, both enzymes will have the same rate. A 21. At 2 µM poutyface reductase will be saturated B 22. What is the proper order of these steps starting from glucose? A. Pyruvate  glycolysis  ATP synthase B. Citric acid cycle  pyruvate  ATP synthase C. Glycolysis  citric acids cycle  chemiosmotic ATP production D. Citric acid cycle  chemiosmotic ATP production  pyruvateInstructor Caleb Rounds Exam III Biology 151C 3 E. Glucose  pyruvate  Calvin cycle In the above diagram (question 23) _____D ____ represents an uncatalyzed exergonic reaction (no enzyme present) whereas (question 24)_____B_____ represents the same reaction with an enzyme present. Use the above diagram for the next 5 questions. The fake data above could be for an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandin leading to inflammation and pain. Curve A represents the uninhibited enzyme, the other two curves represent the effect of two drugs on that enzyme. A B C DInstructor Caleb Rounds Exam III Biology 151C 4 25. _B___ is probably the result of a competitive inhibitor. 26. The Km of A is roughly A. 5 µM B. 15 µM C. 40 µM D. Impossible to determine from the given information 27. The Vmax of A is achieved at roughly A. 5 µM B. 15 µM C. 40 µM D. Impossible to determine from the given information 28. If a patient’s arachidonic acid level is 10 µM which drug should she take? (A, B, C, D drugs are bad, or E this joke’s getting old). 29. Which drug binds to a site other than the active site on the enzyme? (A, B, C, D) Use this chart to answer the next 3 questions 30. __A__ should be used to determine the initial velocity 31. Circle B. is Vmax (A is true B is false) A B C DInstructor Caleb Rounds Exam III Biology 151C 5 32. The enzyme used in this chart is saturated at A. 30 mM B. 50 mM C. 60 mM D. 70 mM E. Do I look like an enzymologist? 33. If you were to equilibrate mitochondria and chloroplasts in a solution of pH 7.0 until all of the compartments were the same, then switch them to a pH 6.5 solution with ADP and Pi until it equilibrated with the intermembrane space of mitochondria and the stroma of chloroplasts, what might happen: A. Total chaos B. The mitochondria would make ATP C. The mitochondria would use ATP to make ADP and pump protons D. The chloroplast would make ATP E. The chloroplast would use ATP to make ADP and pump protons Use the glycolysis chart above for the next four questions 34. If you were to add glucose and phosphate to a test tube to produce glucose 6-phosphate, would you predict the reaction would be exergonic or endergonic? Use information from the chart. A. Exergonic B. Endergonic C. Impossible to predictInstructor Caleb Rounds Exam III Biology 151C 6 D. It depends on the pH 35. In the absence of NADH, glycolysis A. Would not be inhibited B. Would need fermentation to generate more NADH C. Would rely on ATP D. Would be unable to reduce glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate E. A and B are correct 36. 14C labeled fructose can enter glycolysis by being phosphorylated to fructose 6-phosphate, but it will not make as much ATP as glucose (A is true B is false) 37. Glycolysis can proceed in the absence of ATP (A is true B is false) 38. All of the CO2 we exhale comes from the citric acid cycle. (A is true B is false) 39. Erythrocytes are red blood cells, they do not have mitochondria. Do they use more or less glucose to make the same amount of ATP as a muscle cell that has mitochondria and oxygen?