CDFS 110 1st Edition Final Exam Study GuideThis exam is worth 50 points toward your total grade. It will have 50 multiple choice questions.Ch. 15: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Adulthood1. What is presbyopia? Glaucoma?a. Presbyopiai. “Far-sighted”1. Can’t see close upb. Myopiai. “Near-sighted”1. Can’t see far awayc. Cataractsi. Thickening of lens1. Blurred vision, mainly in center and peripheral is fined. Glaucomai. Optic nerve damaged by pressure from fluid buildup 1. Tunnel visione. Macular degeneration i. Deterioration of retina1. Imagine you have a grayish blind spot in the middle, but can see around it2. What is presbycusis?a. “Old hearing” can’t hear high pitches after a certain age b. Gradual hearing loss3. What skin changes in adulthood cause aging (e.g., wrinkles)?a. Lose elasticityb. Start in the forehead in the 30s, then “crows feet” in the 40s4. What is menopause, and what are its implications for women’s fertility?a. Late thirties to mid fifties i. Shorter cycles that eventually stop1. Sexual appetite remains stable 5. Know the difference between menopause and the climacteric?6. What is fluid intelligence? Crystallized? Which is one increasesin middle adulthood? Which one decreases?a. Crystallized intelligence is more concrete and permanent b. Fluid intelligence you’re more likely to lose because you don’t use it as muchi. How well you’re able to adapt to doing new tasks7. What is the neural-network view? What is the information loss view?a. **HINT: These are the two theories explaining why processing speed slows down with age.8. How does sexuality change during middle adulthood? Why is marital happiness important for sexuality?a. Most couples are still able to have sex, and is actually very important for healthy marriages 9. What is expertise, and who can to develop it?a. Anyone can develop itb. Mature adults show increasing competence solving problems in their fieldExtra Information:• Longevity: • Actual length of life• Life Expectancy: • How long you’re expected to live• Statistical likelihood of length of life, based on age and health status; humans ~ 80 years• Dramatic increase in last 100 years (antibiotics, decrease in infant mortality)• Life Span: • The longest amount of time you can possibly live• Longest period that members of species can live; humans ~ 122 years• Sarcopenia - Age-related loss of muscle mass and strength- Theories of Biological Agingo Wear-and-tearo Free radical- Most common types of cancero Breast, prostate- 73% of older adults report being in good health, although they have 2-3 chronic health conditions - Arthritis: o Inflammation of the joints accompanied by pain, stiffness, and movement problems- Osteoporosis: o Extensive loss of bone tissue- Accidents - 6th leading cause of death in older adultso Falls are the leading cause- Crystallization iso One’s accumulated knowledge and verbal skills Solid, factual, stuff that’ll show up on jeopardy- Who was president in 1960?o Comes from stuff from a book or that someone know These increase with age- Fluid is reasoning, how do you decide what to do?o If I give you a math problem how long will it take for you to solve it? These decrease with age- The where and the when of life’s happenings is episodic memoryo Motor skills and habits are procedural memory Vocabulary and knowledge are semantic memory- Explicit memory: Memory of facts and experiences that individuals consciously know and can state- Implicit memory: Memory without conscious recollection- Dementia – o Neurological disorder Deterioration of mental functioningo Loss of ability to care for themselves and recognize familiar surroundings and peopleo Different from Alzheimer’s - Alzheimer’s Diseaseo Progressive, irreversible brain disordero Characterized by gradual deterioration of memory, reasoning, language, and eventually physical function Early- (<65) and late-onset (>65)o Amyloid plaques: deposits of protein accumulating in blood vessels o Neurofibrillary tangles: twisted fibers that build up in neurons- Severe reductions in the production in dopamine is…o Parkinson’s o Associated with dementia More motor symptoms than Alzheimer's Ch. 16: Emotional and Social Development in Middle Adulthood1. In Erikson’s theory, what is generativity? What is stagnation? Be able to give examples ofgenerativity. a. Generativity i. Through generativity, adults promote and guide the next generation by parenting, teaching, leading, and doing things that benefit the community1. Biological generativity -- bearing offspring2. Parental generativity -- nurturing children3. Work generativity -- skills to pass on4. Cultural generativity -- creating, renovating, and conserving some aspect of cultureb. Stagnationi. Self-centered, don’t care about the younger generation, little interest in work 2. What are some of the typical characteristics of a midlife crisis? (e.g., do people typically make large or small changes in midlife, abrupt changes or gradual?)a. Crisis of identity, awareness of mortality i. Only a minority of adults experience 3. What is a kinkeeper? Are males or females more likely to be kinkeepers?a. Grandmothers usually are the kinkeepers, they keep in touch with grandchildren and havea warmer relationship with them than grandfathers4. What is the sandwich generation?a. When an adult has to take care of their own children, and their parents who’re now too old to take care of themselves, so they’re “sandwiched” between the two5. What are the differences between male and female friendships in middle adulthood?6. What events are likely to create conflict in the parent-child relationship during the “launching” stage?a.7. What is the feminization of poverty?8. How do adults in early adulthood and middle adulthood differ in their adjustment to divorce?a. Usually take it as time to get some independence and find a relationship more meaningful 9. What are the big five personality traits? What are characteristics of each?a. Neuroticismb. Extroversionc. Openness to Experienced. Agreeablenesse. ConscientiousnessExtra Information/Practice Questions - Social interaction has 3 main goals:o Source of informationo Helps develop a sense of selfo Source of comfort or well-being- Which of the following is Erikson’s eighth stage of development?o a. Generativity vs. stagnationo b. Integrity vs.