CDFS 110 1st Edition Exam #3 Study GuideThis exam is worth 50 points toward your total grade. It will have 50 multiple-choice questionsCh. 9: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood1. What are growing pains? a.2. What is supported by research on malnutrition in middle childhood?a.3. What are the parts of Sternberg’s Triarchiac Theory of Intelligence? a. Comprises Three Interacting Intelligencesb. Analytic Intelligencei. Information processing skillsc. Creative Intelligencei. Capacity to solve novel problemsd. Practical Intelligencei. Application of intellectual skills in everyday situation4. What are the parts of Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences?a. Linguistici. Poet, journalistb. Musicali. Composerc. Logical-Mathematicali. Mathematiciand. Spatiali. Sculptore. Bodily-Kinesthetici. Dancerf. Naturalisti. Biologistg. Interpersonali. Salespersonh. Intrapersonali. Accurate self-knowledge5. What do constructivist classrooms look like?6. What factor plays the biggest role in differences in gross motor skills between genders?a. Social environment i. Parental expectations, self-perceptions, coaching, media messages 7. What does rough-and-tumble play do?8. What is a limitation in Piaget’s concrete operational thought during middle childhood?a. Operations work best with concrete informationi. Problems with abstract ideasb. Continuum of acquisitioni. Master concrete operational tasks gradually, step by stepc. Ex: For the seriation task, if you gave them sticks of different lengths (concrete, it’s in front of them) they can order them in shortest to tallesti. But if you gave them abstract thought, they have difficulty in their minds putting things together1. Ex: John is taller than sally, Sally is taller than Susan. Who is the tallest?d. Acquisitioni. Children master conservation tasks gradually, numbers come first (how many) then height (how big), then liquid, then mass, then weightExtra Information- In Middle Childhood you grow 2-3 inches per year, and about 5 pounds per yearo Legs grow faster, making them appear taller- Girls are shorter and lighter until about 9 years old- You’re considered obese when you’re 20% or more over the normal weight (BMI)- Girls are better at fine motor skills and boys are better at gross motor skills- Conservationo Reversibility The juice in the glass. Knowing that even though a glass may be taller, but it still has the same amount - Ability to reverse the stepso If they can’t do this, they lack reversibilityo Decentration Being able to focus on several things and how they relate A-not-B error I’m only thinking of the situation I’m sure of- Classificationo- Seriationo Transitive Inferenceo Thinking of things in a series of steps- Spatial reasoning o How does this place on the map relate to other places on the map? Make mental representation of where things were Directions, maps- Developing Memory stageso Rehearsal  Usually the first two years of grade schoolo Organization  After rehearsal, and they group related items together. More advanced way of remembering things.  “I’m going to remember all of the northeast capitals first! Then the southeast.”o Elaboration The later childhood years, which is when you come up with tricks to remember “fish” and “pipe” and you come up with the statement “The fish is smoking the pipe” Ch. 10: Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood1. What are the effects of divorce on older versus younger children? a. Kids of divorce spend an average of 5 years in a single-parent homei. 2/3 of adults will remarry thoughb. Family conflict often rises.c. Mother-headed homes usually experience drop in income.d. Often, child support is not received in full or at all.e. Decline in social supportf. Factors that impact divorcei. Children’s Age1. Younger children: Self-blame; Fear2. Older children: Understand they are not to blame, but may engage in deviant behaviorii. Children’s Temperament1. Difficult temperament: Problems exacerbatediii. Children’s Sex1. Boys: Externalizing problems; greater risk in mother-custody families2. Girls: Internalizing problemsiv. Long-term consequences of divorce1. Most adjust long term2. Key is how the custodial parent(s) handle stress, and amount of conflict children are exposed to.2. What are mastery-oriented attributions? Learned helplessness? a. Achievement-related attributionsi. Attributions1. Common, everyday explanations for behavior.b. Mastery-oriented attributionsi. Attributions that credit success to high ability and failure to low effort. ii. Attribution Retraining1. “I achieved well at gymnastics, I’m really good at it!”c. Learned Helplessnessi. Attributions that credit success to luck & failures to low ability.ii. “I just got really lucky”iii. “I didn’t do well because I just couldn’t do it”1. Always the victim3. Who would be characterized as “Popular”? “Rejected”? “Neglected”? “Controversial”? **HINT – AMOUNT OF POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE NOMINATIONS FROM PEERSa. Nomination Methodi. Usually obtained via nominations that assess acceptance & rejectionii. Someone you like to be with the most?1. (Attraction / Likeability)a. Number of times nominated = Acceptance Scoreiii. Someone you would rather not be with?1. (Repulsion / Dislikeability)a. Number of times nominated = Rejection Scoreb. Rating Scale Methodi. Rating “liking” and “disliking”c. Types of popularityi. Popular children1. Popular-prosocial a. (Nice, everyone likes)2. Popular-antisocial a. (Not nice, people still like)ii. Rejected children 1. Rejected-aggressive a.2. Rejected-withdrawna. (socially awkward kids)b.iii. Neglected children1. Socially Withdrawn 2. The one’s who don’t really come around or show up to things or events, and aren’t chosen because no one really knows who they are or anything about thema. You don’t reject them on purpose4. What are social comparisons? What are examples of social comparisons?a. It’s the process of defining oneself in relation to one’s peersb. Social comparison helps them develop their ideal selfi. “I should be able to play basketball that well and read that well, too”5. What does research show about bilingual children? a. Risk of semilingualism 6. What is perspective taking? a.7. How do school-age children explain emotions compared to younger children?a.8. Describe the trend of self-esteem in middle childhood?Extra