PSY - P 101 1st EditionFinal Exam Study Guide Chapter 12:- Emotion: full/body/mind/behavior response to a situationo Mood: not response to situationo Attitude: predispositiono Affect: outward expression related to emotion- 7 basic emotions evident at birtho Joyo Angero Interesto Disgusto Surpriseo Sadnesso Fear- Understand emotions for:o Emotional control and balanceo Better decision makingo Fewer dumb mistakeso More successful, more satisfied and happier lifeo More loving and lasting relationshipso Less influenced by negative emotions- The bad of emotiono Tear apart ourselves and our relationshipso Amygdala thinking instead of cerebral thinkingo Do stupid and regretful things- Low road: automatic, rapid, unconscious- High road: effortful, slow, conscious - Low road emotion: without awareness and cognition- High road emotion: with awareness and cognition- Emotion paradigmo Antecedent  affect (emotion)  consequence- Antecedent = thought = appraisal- 3 types of appraisalo Intuitive Appraisal: quick, minimal, nearly automatic, subjective assessment Type 1 thinkingo Reflective Appraisal: deliberate, rational cognitive processing of information Type 2 thinkingo Goal Appraisal: moving towards or away from goal- Interpersonal consequenceso Emotional imitationo Emotional appraisalThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o Emotional consequence- IZOF: Individual zones of optimal functioningo Different emotions, different ranges of emotions o For optimal functioning- Catharsis Myth: anger reduced by releasing it by acting aggressivelyo Expressing anger most often: Increases anger Reinforces aggression Makes it conditioned habit Sometime cases harm- Happinesso Mood, attitude, social phenomenon, cognitive filter- Happiness cognitive filtero Happiness colors everythingo Happy people perceive world as safer, cooperation, make decisions, more tolerant- Happy moodo Things seem more promising: Relationships Self-image Hopes for future Thinking more playful More creative- Unhappiness cognitive filtero Unhappiness also colors everythingo Unhappy people: More skeptical More critical of surroundings Life seems more depressing and meaningless At least until your mood changes  Or you change your mood- Happiness can very during the week and even during the day- Happiness correlates with selfless- Adaption level phenomenon: judge in comparison with past experience- Relative deprivation: feeling worse off by comparing self to people doing better- 4 components of stresso Events or condition Catastrophes Chronic daily hassles Low social status/ power Major life changes/ eventso Cognitive appraisalo Body responses Cortisol: stress hormone helps body respond to brief stresso Coping strategies- Female and men stress responseso Women May tend and befriend Nurture themselves, others bond Oxytocin: hormone plays role in bonding Become more empathetic o Men Likely to social withdraw, numb with alcohol Likely to become aggressive Become less empathetic- Develop perceived controlo Change perception/ appraisal: we can often choose out appraisal and responseo Practice determined coping Some people complain more than solving More beyond passive acceptance Make plan and follow plano Practice the 7 R’s Recognize Responsibility Respond Release Regroup Refocus Readyo Use 5 mental sills Self-monitoring Cognitive restructuring- Cultivate optimismo People with optimistic outlook expect to: Have more control Cope better with stressful events Enjoy better healtho Identify change in mood- Seek social supporto Reduce blood pressure and stress hormoneso Strengthens immune systemo Catharsis: release of feelingo Develop relations- Aerobic exercise and Physical health o Sustained activity that raises heart rate and oxygen consumption- Modify lifestyleo Lifestyle modification research Control group: diet, medication, exercise Experimental group: control group interventiono Lifestyle: sleep and recovery Clears mind Resets emotion- Relaxation and meditationo Relaxation techniques: reduces headache, high blood pressure, anxietyo Meditation: creates relaxation response o Relaxation response: relaxed muscles, lower blood pressure- Emotion game: maintaining individualized emotions and emotional zones for optimal functionsChapter 13- Finding the meaning of lifeo “There is a big bucket of melancholy athletes can fall into… I miss being exceptional at something” – Diann Roffee- Presence of Discovery of Meaningo Positive correlation Life satisfaction, love, joy, extraversion, intrinsic religious engagemento Negative correlation Depression, sadness, neuroticism, fear- Search for meaningo Positive correlation Depression, sadness, fear- Meaning: freedom, growth, humanismo We are free to choose to be that whom we want to becomeo Humanism Human worth Human development Individual uniqueness Self determination Self actualization  Self transcendence- 6 humanistic theorieso Hierarchy of needs theory  Self transcendence: finding personal identity and meaning in life beyond the self Self- actualization: continual striving to become compete person and reach greatest potentialo Flow theory Peak experience = flow experience Finding flow:- Challenging but attainable- Total concentration, immersion- Loss of self- awareness and timeo Rogerian theory  Psychotherapist interested in understanding and changing human personality and bringing happiness to lives filled with sadness Peoples behaviors conform with their notion to self- Who I think I am is how I am going to behave  Behavior is motivated by need to self- actualize- You are more potential than you are actualityo Competence motivation theory Inner need to achieve competence Intrinsically motivated for mastery, competenceo Self – determination theory Motivated to satisfy 3 basic needs- Competence- Autonomy- Relatednesso Positive Psychology Study of optimal human functioning- First gift: Youo No one on the planet like you- Second gift: Todayo No matter how bad yesterday was everyday is a new