PSY 247 1st EditionFinal Exam Study Guide Lectures: 27-37Lecture 27 (April 6)Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic DisordersGeneral Symptoms of Schizophrenia:- Messages- higher powers- Loose association-nonsenses content- Paranoia - Repetitive hand movements- Lack of insight - Delusions - Hallucinations- Flat affect- no emotion Lecture 28 (April 8) Symptoms of Schizophrenia- Psychosis- loss of contact with reality- Hallucinations - Delusions- Impaired Cognitive Processes- Personality disintegrations- Mood disturbances3 Symptom categories:- Positive Symptomso Active Manifestations Delusions  Hallucinationso Disorder thinkingo Loose associations o Bizarre behavior- Negative Symptomso Absence or insufficiency of normal  Apathy Limited thought and speech Withdrawalo Avolition- lack of interest in day to day activitieso Alogia- little speech; uninterested in conversationo Anhedonia- lack of pleasureo Affective flattening- Cognitive/ Disorganized/ Other Symptomso Problems with attention and memoryo Poor executive functioningo Abnormal Psychomotor Behavior Peculiar body movement or posture Strange gestures and grimaces CatatoniaCauses: - Genetic and Environmental Interactions - Using drugs can increase risk- Stress activates vulnerability and increases risk of relapseLecture 29 (April 10) Class cancelled Lecture 30 (April 30) Personality Disorders:- Personalityo Pattern of behavior- pervasiveo How we think and perceive thingso How we interact with/respond to others- Personality Disorders:o Inflexibleo Maladaptiveo Distress/Impairments- Diagnosing Personality Disorders:o Option 1: Categories 10 different typeso Option 2: Traits List of traits and severity of each Too complex for clinical practiceo Option 3: Hybrid model Keep 6 disorders with options of using traitsThese three options were discussed before putting out the DSM-5, and the conclusion that psychologist came to was that Option 1 is the best way to diagnose personality disorders. So, that is the method that is practiced.Cluster A: Odd or eccentric disorders:o Paranoid o Schizoido Schizotypal- Paranoid Personality: Characteristicso Mistrust and Suspiciono Few meaningful relationshipso Volatileo Tenseo Sensitive to criticism- Schizoid Personality Disorder: Characteristicso Appears to neither enjoy nor desire relationshipso Limited range of emotionso Appears unaffected by praise or criticismo No thought disorder- Schizotypal Personality Disorders: Characteristicso Difficulty having and keeping close relationshipso Reduced capacity for relationshipso Cognitive or perceptual distortionso Eccentricities in behaviorLecture 31 (April 15) Cluster B: Dramatic, Emotional, Erratic Disorders- Antisocial- Borderline - Histrionic- Narcissistic Antisocial Personality Disorder: Characteristics:- Disregarding the rights of others- Disregard for laws and social norms- Tendency to display violent behavior- Lack of remorse Borderline Personality Disorder: Characteristics- Patterns of instability- Impulsivity (Spending money, sex, substance abuse, etc.)- Frantic efforts to avoid abandonment- Unstable and intense relationships- Chronic feeling of emptiness- Self-injury and/or suicidal threats- Inappropriate, intense anger- Transient, stress- related to paranoid ideationHistrionic Personality Disorder: Characteristics- Overly dramatic- Sensational- Sexually provocative- Impulsive- Attention Seeking- Appearance focusedNarcissistic Personality Disorder: Characteristics- Exaggerated and unreasonable sense of self-importance; entitlement- Seeking constant admiration- Demands special treatment- Shallow, shows off but lacks substanceLecture 32 (April 17) Cluster C: Anxious or Fearful DisordersAvoidant Personality Disorder: Characteristic- Extreme sensitivity to opinions- Avoid most relationships- Interpersonally anxious- Fearful or rejectionDependent Personality Disorders: Characteristics- Rely on others for major and minor decisions- Unreasonable fear of abandonment- Clingy, high need for reassurance - Submissive Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder- Fixation on doing things the “right way”- Rigid- Perfectionistic - Obsessions and compulsions are rareLecture 33 (April 20)Neurocognitive Disorders:What are the DSM-5 Neurocognitive Disorders?- Lewy Body Disease- Alzheimer’s Disease- Parkinson’s Disease- Huntington’s Disease- AIDS Dementia Complex What is Dementia? - Umbrella term for decline in mental functioning of older adults; independent functioningWhat is Alzheimer’s disease?- Type of dementia; gradual and steady progression of deterioration of mental functioning.- Features of Alzheimer’s: confusion, agitation/combative, depression, and anxietyLecture 34 (April 22)What is a TBI?- Traumatic Brain Injury; brain dysfunction caused by an outside force, usually a violent blow to the head.Symptoms:- Cognitive Symptoms:o Difficulty concentrating; attentiono Forgetfulnesso Difficulty making decisionso Depression- Behavioral Symptoms:o Falls- 35%o Traffic Accidents- 17%o Struck by or against something- 16.5%o Unknown- 12%o Assaults- 10%o Other- 9%Lecture 35 (April 24)What are issues related to civil commitment? - Getting someone to commit themselves voluntarily. - Getting the person committed involuntary involves a court proceeding where the judge makes the decision.What are issues related to Criminal commitment?- Determining whether an individual needs to be incarcerated or receive clinical treatment. What is the insanity defense? - Legal argument used by defendants who admit they committed a crime but plead not guilty because they were mentally disturbed at the time the crime was committed.What is the M’Naughten rule?- Does the person know right from wrong. What are patient’s rights? - Confidentiality; protects clients from disclosure of information without their consentLecture 36 (April 27)What are some issues related to our current treatment of individuals with severe mental illness?- Overmedicating patients instead of using integrative methods.Lecture 37 (April 29)Reviewed previous