Slide 1Slide 2Slide 3Evaluating Five Factor ModelErikson’s Theory: Intimacy versus IsolationTiming-of-Events ModelSocial ClockRelationshipsFriendship Gender and CommunicationStability and Change from Childhood to AdulthoodSlide 12Selecting a MateTrends in MarriageAdult Lifestyles: Single AdultsCohabitationCohabitationThe Benefits of a Good MarriageMaking Marriage WorkTrends in Having ChildrenSocial & Emotional Development in Early AdulthoodPersonality Development Trait Models: Five Factors of Personality•Conscientiousness•Agreeableness•Neuroticism•Openness•Extraversion•CANOE!Evaluating Five Factor Model•Research has found gradual, systematic change in personality throughout adulthood, not continuity.•Agreeableness, conscientiousness (increase as we get older)•Neuroticism, openness and extraversion (decrease with age)•Five factor model is based on subjective ratings – may lack validityErikson’s Theory:Intimacy versus Isolation•Intimacy•Making a permanent commitment to intimate partner•Decreased independence, redefining identity•Strong identity helps•Affects friendships, work•Isolation•Loneliness, self-absorption•Hesitant to form close ties•Fear of losing identity•compete •reject differences•threatened by closenessTiming-of-Events Model•Social Clock•Normative life events•“On time” or “Off time”•The course of development depends on when events occur in people’s lives•varies by gender, culture, cohort, SESSocial Clock•Age-graded expectations for life events•Expectations more flexible •Following social clock lends confidence, social stability•Distress if not following or falling behindRELATIONSHIPSFriendship))•Important in development throughout the life span •Talk is central to their relationships•Gender: •Women have more close friendships with more self-disclosure and exchange of mutual support•Women share many aspects of their experiences, thoughts, and feelingsGender and Communication•Tannen distinguishes two ways of communications: •Rapport talk -- language of conversation; establishes connections and negotiates relationships •Report talk -- talk that is designed to give information; includes public speakingStability and Change from Childhood to Adulthood•Adult’s attachment•Secure attachment style•Positive views of relationships•Avoidant attachment style•Hesitant to get involved in romantic relationships•Anxious attachment style•Demand closeness, less trusting, and more emotional, jealous, and possessiveSelecting a Mate•Physical proximity•Most select partners who are similar•Gender differences•Women report more emphasis on intelligence, ambition, financial status, morals•Men report more emphasis on attractiveness, domestic skills•BUT more similar than different: for both, most important are trust, friendship, love, and honestyTrends in Marriage•Marrying later•Nearly 90% marry at least once•Fewer marriages•staying single, cohabiting, not remarrying•Legalization of same-sex marriage in several states•“Mixed” marriages increasingly common- race, religionAdult Lifestyles: Single Adults•More adults are remaining single longer today •In the last 30 years, dramatic rise in the percentage of single adults •Advantages•Freedom to make decisions about one’s life course, pursue one’s own schedule, privacy•Common problems•Loneliness•Forming intimate relationships with other adults•Finding a niche in a society that is marriage-orientedCohabitation•Cohabitation -- living together in a sexual relationship without being married •Reasons for cohabiting•Spend time together•Share expenses•Evaluate compatibilityCohabitation•Disadvantages•Disapproval by parents •Difficulty owning property jointly•Legal rights on the dissolution of the relationship are less certain •Elevated risk of partner violence•Lower marital satisfaction and increased likelihood of divorceThe Benefits of a Good Marriage•Happily married individuals live longer, healthier lives •Unhappily married may experience numerous physical ailments, such as high blood pressure and heart disease, as well as psychological problems such as anxiety, depression, and substance abuseMaking Marriage Work•Gottman found a number of main principles determining whether a marriage will work:•Establishing love maps (understanding of significant other’s life)•Nurturing fondness and admiration•Turning toward each other instead of away•Letting your partner influence you•Creating shared meaningTrends in Having Children•In United States, fewer married couples have children (70%)•Mothers’ careers•less social criticism•Delay first child•Smaller numbers of children•average of 2 or