PSY 3711 1st Edition Lecture 21 Outline of Last Lecture I Kluger DeNisi 1996 II Acceptance of feedback III Mentoring IV Coaching Outline of Current Lecture I Criteria for I O Psychology II What are attitudes III Job satisfaction IV Overall job attitudes V Interventions VI Outcomes of job satisfaction Current Lecture I Criteria for I O Psychology a Up until now we have focused primarily on understanding and predicting two important workplace criteria job performance and turnover b These are more Industrial than Organizational c These are criteria of particular interest to organizations and employers d Employee focused criteria i Shift focus to understanding employee focused criteria job satisfaction stress health well being work family balance These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute ii Traditional focus of organizational psychology iii Criteria are more concern for employees than employers II What are attitudes a Favorable or unfavorable evaluation of something b 3 components i target they are about something e g my boss ii belief about the target e g my boss is always checking up on me iii Evaluative affective response to the target e g my boss is annoying and makes me angry my boss cares about me and I like him her c Attitudes influence behaviors i Beliefs responses behavioral intentions ii My boss is boring my job sucks I m going to quit iii Could come from many sources evaluation of earlier belief intention based on earlier evaluation d Major job attitudes i Job satisfaction ii Organizational commitment iii Employee engagement iv Job involvement v Turnover intentions III Job satisfaction a How people feel about jobs i Overall ii Work itself iii Pay and promotions iv Coworks and supervisors b Includes cognitive evaluations my job is good overall It pays well The work is interesting my coworkers and supervisor are nice c Includes affective responses I feel happy and excited at work frequently d Organizational commitment i Strength of an individual s identification and involvement with a particular organization ii Individuals acceptance of organizational values and goals iii Emotional attachment to the organization iv Feeling of obligation to the organization v Desire to remain in the organization e Turnover intentions i Whether an individual wants to or is planning to leave the organization ii Intentions do not always lead to actions 1 Across variety of different behaviors intentions predict action about p 50 2 Why might turnover intentions not lead to actual turnover behavior iii Engagement and involvement 1 Feelings vigor dedication enthusiasm and absorption with one s work 2 Engaged employees are excited about the work they do passionate and are easily able to focus attention on their tasks a Related to the idea of calling b Engagement researchers and marketers try to contrast engagement with satisfaction by saying that job satisfaction is passive while engagement is active IV Overall job attitudes a All job attitudes are highly correlated b A satisfied employee is also committed and engaged c The same intervention and traits will tend to influence all job attitudes d How do we measure job attitudes i Job attitudes can be measured in two ways ii Global overall measures job satisfaction in general overall feeling towards one s job iii Job in general scale is your job pleasant bad great waste of time worthwhile acceptable disagreeable etc iv Composite of facet measures job satisfaction is a total score of attitudes towards parts of the job v Job descriptive index has scales for satisfaction with supervisor coworkers pay promotions work itself vi Overall measures are most related to work itself vii Overall and composite measures are correlated around p 87 viii Single item overall measures 1 Very popular 2 Not as unrealiable 3 Overall on a scale from 1 10 how satisfied are you with your job ix Job descriptive index 1 Most popular and widely validated job satisfaction measures 2 Supervision supportive hard to please lazy intelligent 3 Work itself routine boring challenging rewarding 4 Coworkers responsible likeable frustrating stupid 5 Pay fair comfortable enough to live on underpaid e What are the antecedents of job attitudes i Individual personality traits and emotions ii Environmental job characteristics stress work family balance interventions iii Both person and the situation interact to produce job attitudes iv Core self evaluations compound personality trait overall evaluations a person has about themselves their competence and their quality as a person f What are the consequences or outcomes of job attitudes i Job satisfaction is quite stable over time ii A variety of individual differences are good predictors of job satisfaction iii These traits are partly genetically determined iv Some people may be dissatisfied with any job they work in V Interventions a A variety of interventions have been designed to increase job satisfaction b Interventions work a lot like training i Identify the sources of job dissatisfaction ii Address the causes e g perceived unfairness lack of flexibility c Research has examined mindfulness interventiosn designed to help people reframe their negative attitudes d 50 VI Outcomes of job satisfaction a Overall correlation between job attitudes and all positive work behaviors is p 51 b Attitudse are good at predicting very general outcomes but other factos ability training interventions are still very important