PSY 111 1st Edition Lecture 15 How do hallucinogens produce hallucinations impairs attentions and motor coordination What are the three processes developmentalists want to study cognitive socio emotional and biological An example of continuous development height Example of discontinuous development childbirth Freud s Theory FREUD S THEORY Resolution of psychosexual drives o both sexual and aggressive o Three parts of an individual s personality o develop in the first five years of a child s life o The id unconscious basic need based o The ego largely conscious rational o The superego conscience develops in interaction with adults Freud s stages of development only through childhood discontinuous emphasizing nature and nurture emotional development An area of the child s body provides pleasure o Becomes the guiding principle of behaviors Oral stage o Weaning Anal These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute o Toilet training Phallic Stage o Oedipal and Electra complex o Electra a girl wants to replace her mother for her father affections o Oedipal a boy wants to replace his father for her mother s affections Latency stage o Superego develops o Erogenous zones are silent Genital stage o Development of adult sexuality begins Erik Erikson s Psychosocial theory discontinuous emotional nurture Talks about development over the course of a lifespan Stage based theory Primary goal of development is for us to be contributing members of society Emphasized he role of cultures in an individual s development o Childhood Basic trust versus mistrust responsive care or hars treatment results affects trust Autonomy versus shame develop child s autonomy learning to be independent with encouragement Initiative versus guilt through play children explore their individuality Industry versus inferiority experiences increase in capacity to work o Adolescence Identity versus role confusion adolescent s quest for her own identity negative experiences lead to confusion about adult roles in society o Adulthood Intimacy versus isolation building intimate ties with other adults Generativiity versus stagnation middle aged adults contribute to the next generation Ego integrity versus despair elders become reflective dissatisfaction leads to fear of death Jean Piaget Theory of Cognitive development nature cognitive discontinuous o Emphasized child cognitive development discovery learningchildren learn by exploring and manipulating their worlds o Stage based children go through stages of cognitive development Stage 1 sensorimotor birth 2yrs using sense organs to learn Stage 2 preoperational 2 7yrs learn the power of words Stage 3 concrete operational 7 11years learning rules and norms Stage 4 Formal operational adolescences to adult using logic an rationality to solve problems Lev Vygotsky Sociocultural Cognitive Development cognitive continuous nurture Focus on the specific values beliefs customs and traditions passed from one generation to another This happens in social interaction Social interaction is the seat of learning and development Zone of proximal development the difference between what someone can do on their own and what they can do if they had help form someone the area between independent performance and assisted performance Urie Bronfenbrenner Ecological Systems Theory Individual embedded within a complex system System is defined by the relations that exist in it at multiple levels Individual s biological disposition join with the environmentally forces to mold the direction of development The systems o Microsystem innermost level of the system o Mesosystem connections between the miscrosystems o Ecosystem social settings o Macrosystem outermost layer consisting of culturals values laws customs etc