PSY 111 1st Edition Lecture 18 Review questions What is the difference between rods and cones Rods are more sensitive to light and cones allow us to see color Cones help you make out detail when there is avid light Are you going to use cones or rods more with facial recognitions Cones Individuals who have problem with their cones because they are color blind are they likely to be better or worse on facial recognition Worse Where is the vestibular sense located In the semi circular canals of your ear How is it connected to the feeling of seasickness When the liquid in your ear is settled with gravity it tells yours brain that you are right side up but if your are moving or spinning like on a boat then the liquid moves and confuses your brain about your body position What is transduction A process by which sensory signals are converted into neural signals What are the specialized cells that help you see color Cones Describe the neural reorganization that occurs in individuals born deaf Shifts from interpreting info related to sounds into interpretations of info related to touch Describe the neural reorganizations that occurs in individuals born blind Better hearing larger frontal lobe which allows them to make quick decisions What is phantom limb pain Pain that you experience on a limb that has been amputated What causes phantom limb pain It s a problem in top down processing the interpretation of the brain is messed up It s a part of the brain that was connected to that limb that is hyperactive sensations until the brain reorganizes and recognizes that that part of the limb is gone Synesthesia video It s when 2 or more senses are connected It is a trait rather than a disorder because nothing is wrong Has a biological basis but is also cultural environmental We all in a way a have synesthesia because sound sight and movement are so related in our brains Graphemes numbers letters and punctuation Perception the process by which we interpret the info that comes in through our senses the manner in which we perceive our environment that makes us different form one another Our perceptual systemOrganizes input form millions of receptors Interprets input in terms of Individual past experience Expectations it often sees what it expects to see Context perception is worse in life threatening situations Perception individual experience Signal Detection Theory Focuses on the decision making process that takes place as we perceive stimuli Detection of stimuli depends on a variety of factors Physical intensity of the stimuli Sensory abilities of the observer Context of the experience Perceptual organization Tries to Pick out the foreground from the background of any experience Identify patterns Match the current input to memories of past experience Maintains recognition of objects even if the angle distance of viewing changes Distinguishes Depth Provides 3D to objects Principals of perceptual organization First discussed by Gestalt Psychologist Thinking proceeds from whole to parts Law of similarity items that are similar tend to be group together Law of pragnaz reality is reduced to the simplest form possible Law of proximity objects that are close to each other tend to be grouped together Law of closure objects that are grouped together are seen as a whole Schizophrenia and perception Prominent alterations of perception in schizophrenia Gestalt rules of perceptual organization break down Dysfunctional neural circuitry