Psy 111 1st Edition Lecture 14 Current Lecture Review questions Where is the frontal cortex in the brain in the front near the forehead What does the temporal lobe do involved with the formation f memory Where is the function of the parietal lobe integrates information Example sight and sound if you hear a particular sounds you can turn towards it to see what is producing that sounds Who misses the integration piece because of some structural abnormality when the corpus collosum is missing or not well connected What is the function of the frontal lobe seat of your personality thinking motivation planning strategizing All parts of the brain have most of the brain s functions but we talk about each section in terms of its most important function The lobes are also divided into right and left and are still functionally slightly different but we don t really discuss the differences Epigenetics YOU MUST KNOW THIS REALLY REALLY WELL What are genes Segments of DNA on the chromosomes Transmit info about our heredity traits What do genes do These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Carry all the info that is needed to make us human beings They must reproduce themselves carry biological info in a form that can must be copied and transmitted from the first cell to all its progeny Chromosomes Structures in the nucleus of cells Very long DNA molecules And associated proteins thisis where epigenetics come from Contain all the genes Carry all the info on hereditary traits Have 23 pairs Dominant recessive pattern Dominant presence of a single dominant gene causes a trait to be expressed Ex brown eyes ex of dominant trait diseaseHuntington s Recessive two genes must be present for the expressions of a recessive trait Key difference for recessive traits to be passed on both parents must have the gene yet NOT the actual physical trait side note child gets xy chromosome from father and xx from mother side note carrying a gene but not expressing it usually makes it a recessive trait Epigenetics meaning above the genome phenomena new way to look at genetic inheritance 1st person to talk bout it Gilbert Gottlieb it s any activity that regulates expression of genes w o changing the genetic make up Nova Epigenetics videoExamined mice to analyze things that are genetically identical found agudi gene expresses itself because the methyl tag is missing in the yellow mice How do you turn off the agudi gene a methyl tag which are associated with cell repair What in your environment provides you with methyl tags red wine Used epigenetic fix to examine how your epigenomes silence some genes to create differences in genetically identical animals then we apply this to human As twins age epigenetics accumulate in other words the older a set of twins get the less identical the genes become How has this study helped us we have previously thought that cancer comes from broken genes which is hard to fix but now we know that misplaced tags through epigenetics is also a cause of genes and it is easier to rearrange genes than it is to fix them Do we have responsibility and control over our epigenome to an extent yes How does epigenetics show up in identical twins since identical twins have the exact same DNA so epigenetics is the differences in genes between these identical twins Remember epigenetics is in everyone the video just honed in on twins epigenetics an example Avshalom Caspi breastfeeding and IQ breastfed children attain higher IQ presumably because f the fatty acids uniquely available in breast milk Not as case of nature or nurture but together in combination Hormones we will look at how hormones influence behavior Endocrine system consist of hormones and glands It works by releasing hormones Glands group of cells that secrete and produce chemicals select and remove materials from the body process them and then secretes them into the body the endocrine glands secrete more than 20 major hormones Hormones trans info and instructions from one set of ells in the body to another the circulate through the blood stream they are programmed to affect on certain cells which are open to their influence factors such as stress and infections can impact hormone levels in the body thus impacting their efficacy This is because it affects your bloodstream Pituitary gland small gland located in the brain just below the hypothalamus often called the master gland because it makes hormone that activate their endocrine glands releases growth hormones that stimulates bone growth and releases endorphinschemicals that act on the nervous system to reduce sensitivity Thyroid gland located in the front part of the lower neck and is shaped like a bowtie or butterfly produces the hormones thyroxine these hormones control the rate at which cells burn fuel from food for energy Adrenal glands the body has to triangular glands located above kidney They produce epinephrine and norepinephrine These activate the sympathetic nervous system When your body produces these two things cortisol as a protective mechanism Overtime you produce more cortisol but then overtime this leads to a lack of cell repair Adrenal gland controls the salt balance in the body Hormones and behavior women are more likely to develop mood disorders because of fluctuating levels of estrogen Other problems caused by fluctuating hormones premenstrual dysphoric disorder postpartum depression etc