PSY 111 1st Edition Exam 2 Study Guide Lectures 12 19 Outline o Parts of the brain where are they and what do they do Brain lateralization o Genes dominant and recessive traits epigenetics o Endocrine system glands hormones glands hormones behavior We will be starting the bottom of the brain and moving up Cerebellum gives our brain its plasticity responsible for most of the stuff we do o Most impressive part of the brainb o Located in lower back of brain o W o the cerebellum we would not be able to function o Executes smooth skilled body movements of the body o Regulates muscle tone and posture By connecting w autonomic and somatic nervous system o Plays a role in retaining memories of motor activities ex riding a bike o Evidence that it is involved in cognitive and social functions facial expression posture as well as motor functions Limbic System o The emotional center of the brain o Involved in memory and motivation o It includes Thalamus relay station of the brain relays info ex locating sound where s that noise coming from Hypothalamus pleasure center of the brain This part of the brain that fires up when you experience pleasure or motivation Hippocampus memory storage only part that regenerates These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Amygdala responds to emotional stimuli particularly sensitive to negative emotional stimuli and plays a part in your fight or flight response Adolescents are not good at recognizing negative facial expressions Adolescents rely on the amygdala b c or hormones and this is adolescents are good at reacting whereas adults rely on the frontal cortex this is because adults are good at critical thinking Amygdala is reactive rather than rational February 27th psych notes Cerebrumo the largest structure of the human brain o divided into 2 sections left and right hemisphere o connected by the corpus collusum thick band of the nerve fibers Thick band of nerve fibers that connects the two cerebral hemispheres They make it possible to transfer information and synchronize activities between the two hemispheres Makes it possible to transfer into and synchronize activities between the 2 hemispheres o covered by the cerebral cortex o Brain Lateralization The human brain is a paired organ it is composed of two halves which may look alike but are not exactly alike Brain lateralization fact that the two halves of the brain have functional specializations LEFT HEMISPHERE Complex body movements Controls right side of the body Responsible for speech Also responsible for logical and critical thinking RIGHT HEMISPHERE Visual spatial perception Perception of spaces Interpretation of non verbal behavior Controls left side of body o Cerebral cortex The gray convoluted covering of the cerebral hemispheres that is responsible for higher mental processes including language memory and thinking It consist of neurons glial cells capillaries and short nerve cell extensions Neocortex outermost layer of the cerebral cortex sometimes just called the cerebral cortex Frontal cortex executive function largest lobe of the brain contains motor cortex also considered the seat of our personality also consist of associations areas involved in thinking motivation planning for the future Also involved in impulse control and emotional responses doesn t finish developing until 25 Temporal memory Occipital vision Parietal integration Brain lateralization Michael Gazzanica video Who was the participant a man whose corpus collosum cut in order to stop his cases of epilepsy Right side activities are in the left hemisphere whereas left side activities are in the right hemisphere The ability to speak is almost exclusively left hemisphere work The ability to recognize faces is located exclusively in the right hemisphere The left hemisphere provides you the ability to reason to think and reason When your brain receives a signal from the right hand side it goes to the left side of the brain and vice versa March 02 Psych notes Review questions o Where is the frontal cortex in the brain in the front near the forehead o What does the temporal lobe do involved with the formation f memory o Where is the function of the parietal lobe integrates information Example sight and sound if you hear a particular sounds you can turn towards it to see what is producing that sounds o Who misses the integration piece because of some structural abnormality when the corpus collosum is missing or not well connected o What is the function of the frontal lobe seat of your personality thinking motivation planning strategizing o All parts of the brain have most of the brain s functions but we talk about each section in terms of its most important function o The lobes are also divided into right and left and are still functionally slightly different but we don t really discuss the differences o Epigenetics YOU MUST KNOW THIS REALLY REALLY WELL What are genes Segments of DNA on the chromosomes Transmit info about our heredity traits What do genes do Carry all the info that is needed to make us human beings They must reproduce themselves carry biological info in a form that can must be copied and transmitted from the first cell to all its progeny Chromosomes Structures in the nucleus of cells Very long DNA molecules o And associated proteins thesis where epigenetics come from Contain all the genes o Carry all the info on hereditary traits Have 23 pairs Dominant recessive pattern Dominant presence of a single dominant gene causes a trait to be expressed Ex brown eyes ex of dominant trait diseaseHuntington s Recessive two genes must be present for the expressions of a recessive trait Key difference for recessive traits to be passed on both parents must have the gene yet NOT the actual physical trait side note child gets xy chromosome from father and xx from mother side note carrying a gene but not expressing it usually makes it a recessive trait Epigenetics meaning above the genome phenomena new way to look at genetic inheritance 1st person to talk bout it Gilbert Gottlieb it s any activity that regulates expression of genes w o changing the genetic make up Nova Epigenetics videoo Examined mice to analyze things that are genetically identical found agudi gene expresses itself because the methyl tag is missing in the yellow mice How do you turn off the agudi gene a methyl tag which are associated with cell repair What in