SOCI 1311 1st Edition Exam 2 Study Guide Lectures 10 15 Lecture 10 Feb 26 I II III IV V VI VII VIII Deviance any violation of a social norm Conformity following the norms Range of Tolerance the scopes of behaviors considered acceptable before defining someone something as deviant Getting away with things until there is a penalty Over Conformity person who follows the norms too closely teacher s pet Under Conformity doing the minimum that is required class clown Stigma any characteristic that sets people apart disqualifies them from full participation in society Society attaches a label to you Ways of Evaluating Deviance 1 Time history things deviant now but not back then 2 Place environment what s conformist over here may be deviant over there 3 Situation context what is happening in that moment self defense 4 Culture what s ok in one culture may not be ok in another Popular Explanations for Deviance Genetics biology certain people carry genes that cause them to do certain things crime Religious evil sprits told me to do it If you have good morals you re less likely to commit a crime The Medical Model describes deviance as an illness rather than a social problem We think people do crazy things because they are sick Terminology symptoms diagnosis treatments etc Medicalization of Society when people behave in ways we don t understand Media does TV and music make people violent Lecture 11 March 3 I Theories of Crime Deviance A Structural Functionalism Classic Strain Theory Robert Merton 1942 The pressure we feel when we believe we cannot reach our financial professional goals Explaining Strain All Americans believe in the American dream Some people have an easier time achieving their American dream than others Our beliefs of a better life causes crime emphasis on succeeding Adaptations to Strain Conformity we live with the strain do not commit crime believe in the American dream skipping classes now attending classes Innovation believes in American dream finds creative or illegal ways to achieve dreams drug dealers Ritualism do it out of habit Goes to class to socialize no longer believes in American dream does not commit crime does not try to better his life Retreatism no American dream dropped out of society harmless munks drug addicts dropouts Rebellionism no American dream dropped out but wants to change society gangs high school shooter B Conflict Theory norms laws represent the values of the ruling class Core Postulates Some laws benefit some people more than others poll taxes voter ID laws The enforcement of the law is not equal to everyone There are different penalties for the same crime minor adult trials Police are used to control population in certain areas of town the powerful people system are using the police unequally C Symbolic Interactionism Labeling Theory society places a stigma label individuals in ways that help create more deviance Primary vs Secondary Deviance Primary commits crime but doesn t see self as criminal Secondary goes to jail gets out and cannot get a job sees self as criminal comes out as a better criminal Differential Association Theory Edwin Sutherland we learn deviance through our associations people we interact with D Social Control Theory Why do we follow the rules what causes conformity Internal self vs External social control Internal some have more control than others committing External there are things that happen we can t control just react to some of us have more of a fear than others Things that stop us from crime police jail family money Social Bonds the more connected we are to society the less likely for crime II Types of Crime Crime any act violating criminal law A Property street Crime nonviolent offences robbery vandalism B Violent Crime murder assault rape forcible robbery every 33 min crime murder occurs every 5 min rape occurs is reported theory of rape happens every 2 mins C White Collar technology using tech to take things from others Target shopping ID theft D Victimless Public Order the willing exchange of illegal goods services among adults prostitution drugs gambling underground economy legalization gov regulation reduce competition Lecture 12 March 17 It is against the American system to belong to a class but it exists As we move on through life we separate ourselves from people who do not fit in our class This is often done unconsciously Social classes inequality Stores even have items that certain classes would be able to identify and use The higher the family s income less white bread consumption Wasp silver spoon people have been handed everything they have a preplanned life Lecture 13 March 19 Social Differentiation The process by which people are set apart treated differently on the basis of their status or some other social characteristic Social Inequality A condition in society where people have unequal access to wealth power prestige Stratification Social forces merit A form of inequality in which large groups of people are ranked in a hierarchy on the basis of wealth power prestige Life Chance Opportunities The reasonable expectation that a person has to achieve their American dream Open vs Closed Society In an opened society you can change your status the boundaries are less firm Closed a society where social boundaries are very firm and remain that way Social Mobility The idea that we can move up down the class position upward vs downward Inter vs Intra generational Inter we can look back at our family see that things have improved Intra how much change has happened within one generation Comparing brothers sisters cousins we look back at our own life Systems of Stratification Slavery one person is free the other person is property Caste System a social system where your status is life long permanent Estate System based on power land ownership Social Class system a society economic system where economic issues achieve status explain our social position in society Objective vs Subjective Class Objective census questions or surveys Subjective if you ask most Americans what their social class is they will say middle class however 80 is not in the middle class Social Economic Status the average of income education level job Social Class large group of people with similar levels of income education occupational prestige Lecture 14 March 24 I Dimensions of Stratification II III Wealth more than your income it is also the stuff value that you own the cash value of things you own Closely connected with inequality