Boris ZilbermanDeputy Director For Congressional RelationsFoundation for defense of democracies For the exam, know the following:● Remix Culture and Collage Culture (pg. 329)● The concept of spin ( as presented in your book and lecture)● VPN, Bitcoin, Net Neutrality, Crowdfunding, Crowdsourcing● David Sarnoff’s 1915 Radio Music Box Memo outlined radio as mass media● Navy initially controlled all radio patents and issued them to four companies → General Electric, AT&T, Westinghouse and United Fruit CompanyRemix and Collage Culture and “Creative Commons”Radio Music Box Memo→ David Sarnoff’s 1915 plan: radio as mass media (pg. 153)● Initially, more receivers sold than transmitters → Less producers and audiencesNavy → Radio Corporation of America → General Electric Westinghouse United Fruit Company AT&T→ 2000 patents from the first radio broadcast networkKDKA → First commercial radio station: 1920RCA established NBC: July 22, 1926Columbia Broadcast Network (CBS)→ William Paley: Purchased United Independent Broadcasters (UIB) Attracted audience for advertiser1920s-1940s → Mass Media has arrivedSoap Operas of the Golden Age → Daytime dramas targeting womenAmos ‘n’ Andy → Freeman Gosden & Charles Correll British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) 150 mil listeners→ Created in 1920s for public service1930: shortwave, world broadcastWWII: International voice against NazisWWII: Broadcast in 40 languages Shortwave Radio Still in Africa & Asia→ Webcasting; FM Stations; Satellite ServicesAkio Morita: The Walkman: 1979→ Personalization of mediaRock ‘n’ Roll → Armed Forces Radio; Mixed white/back music influencesRace Records → R&B → Billboard Magazine termed “Rhythm & Blues”First rock ‘n’ roll song (1947)Jukebox hit → Wynonie Harris’s “Good Rockin’ Tonight”Radio hit → Covered by Elvis PresleyBlending Hillbilly (country) & R&BElvis PresleySam Phillips (Sun)Chuck Berry (2:32)WHBQ (Memphis) Red, Hot & BlueDewey Phillips → Played black artists to a mixed audienceR&B to the masses → Detroit’s Motown RecordsHigh-brow cultureMargins in the center & elite→ Miles Davis John Coltrane1961 → Freedom Rides → Culture shifts1964: British Invasion Begins1963: Only 1 British band on Billboard’s charts1964: 34 on Billboard’s charts1967 Concept Album→ Songs making up a theme or story, rather than a collection of unrelated hits or coversLong Playing Record (LP) & Producers→ LP’s Developed by Columbia Records