Psych 202 1st Edition Lecture 15 Current Lecture The other half image Different types of neurons serve different purposes 3 Classes of Neurons Motor Neurons Sensory Neurons Interneurons most numerous 1 Motor Neurons also called efferent nerves CNS muscles glands enable us to move e g 2 Sensory Neurons also called afferent nerves Sensory Organs CNS enable us to perceive sensory inputs like touch 3 Interneurons Within CNS Transmission perform integration and organization functions vastly outnumber Motor and Sensory Neurons several millions of each compared to 100 billion interneurons o Most numerous Animation of Neurotransmitters in Brain These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Review of Handout Roberts Elementary Lesson in Neurophysiology Neuron is a cell used in communication Neurons communicate with one another mostly through using neurotransmitters to send presynaptic neurons to postsynaptic neurons Terminal button at end or presynaptic neuron AKA synaptic knob Action potential electric chemical current flowing down axon in spaces between the myelin sheaths o Resting potential of membrane of the axon is said to be hyperpolarized difference in charge from one side of membrane to other side Axon is at rest Inside of neuron is more negative compared to outside Outside is more positive than the inside when neuron is at rest Charges change depolarization right where cell body and axon meet axon hillock switch very sensitive to change in charge All or none principle axon hillock Depolarization Sodium neurons flow in Potassium neurons flow out Pump pumps sodium out and potassium back in More sodium outside during resting stage Exocytosis movement of synaptic vesicles with membrane of synaptic knob Neurotransmitter acts like a key needs a lock it fits into lock which is postsynaptic receptor Reuptake neurotransmitters go back into synaptic knob Catabolism neurotransmitters broken down into parts metabolites then are eliminated through blood and urine This process is also called enzymatic deactivation of neurotransmitters E g monoamine oxidase deactivate neurotransmitters Monoamine MAO breaks down MAO transmitters Dopamine DA Norepinephrine NE Serotonin 5 HT o Agonists increase facilitate neurotransmitter effects L Dopa molecule necessary in synthesizing dopamine Parkinson s difficulty initiating movement Caused partially degenerating dopamine containing neurons Dopamine is critical in movement and control The dopamine neurons are dying in Parkinson s disease It allows you to be able to process more dopamine Amphetamines cocaine Antidepressants Tricycle inhibit NE reuptake SSRI focus on the inhibition of serotonin reuptake Mono amine oxidase inhibitors slow enzymatic deactivation Nardil o Most common Ecstasy releases massive amounts of serotonin Destroys terminal buttons More likely to become depressed Antagonists decrease interfere with neurotransmitter effects Curare competes with Ach at junction motor nerve and muscle Antipsychotic medications block post synaptic DA receptors
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