PSYC 3070 1st Edition Lecture 15Contraception: any process or method used to prevent conception/pregnancy - Some prevent STI transmission (abstinence, condoms)Various Longstanding Cross-Cultural Methods of Contraception- Coitus interruptus/ the withdrawal method: withdrawal of the penis from the vagina before ejaculation- Pessary (suppository, object, or elixir) – placed in the vagina in attempt to kill sperm or block its passageUS Contraception Timeline1938: part of the Comstock Act is lifted due to a case involving Margaret Sanger- Doctors are permitted to prescribe contraception1960: the first birth control pill is approved by the FDA1972: the Supreme Court legalized birth control for all citizensContraception Myths1. Pull-out = no pregnancy/STI transmission is possible- Reality: some ejaculation may be released before man’s climax2. The pill is effective as soon as you begin taking it- Reality: in some women, one complete menstrual cycle is needed before the pill is effective- Therefore, the use of a backup contraceptive method for the 1st month is neededChoosing a Method- Consider your partner’s and your personal sexual history – whether checked for STIsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Talking with your Partner- Discuss your sexual history- STI screenings- Discuss exclusivity- Contraceptive options- Discuss “what ifs” (abortion, adoption, and childbirth?)Choosing Lubricants1. Water-based: condom-compatible. Thin. Easily removed with soap and water. They absorb into the skin quickly, so reapplication is often needed2. Silicon-based: condom-compatible. Thick and greasy. More difficult clean-up process (due to the water resistance). Lasts long time.3. Oil-based: condom-incompatible (corrosive to latex)Protecting against STIs- Abstinence and condomsMale condom: a thin sheath made of one of a variety of materials (latex, natural animal membrane, silicon, etc.)- Typical failure rate (TFR): 12%- Perfect failure rate (PFR): 3% (rate when used properly)Need to know- Condoms are the only barrier method that protects against STIs- Lubricated condoms are less likely to break- Cool, dry storing locations- Usually expire in 5 years- Pinch the tip of condom to remove air - Use new condom after each act of sexFemale condom: a thin, sheath made of latex or polyurethane that is worn internally by a woman during intercourse- TFR: 12%- PFR: 5%- Can be inserted 8 hours before intercoursePregnancy PreventionHormonal Methods1. Prevent ovulations (by altering hormone levels)2. Thickens cervical mucus to prevent sperm from joining the egg3. Alter the lining of the uterus to prevent implantation of fertilized eggOral Contraceptives- Birth control pills: pills containing female hormones that are taken every day by a woman to prevent pregnancy- TFR: 2% PFR: 0.1-0.5%- Must be taken at the same time every day (within 4 hours of regular time)If you miss a pill or take one late, follow the instructions on what to