CLAS 160 1st Edition Lecture 12Outline of Last Lecture I. The Homeric Hymn to Demeter: Two Interconnected StoriesII. Archaic Greek MarriageIII. Persephone (Proserpina)IV. Another Aetiology: The Eleusinian MysteriesV. Initiation in the Mysteries Involved:Outline of Current Lecture I. Context:II. Erysicthon’s CriminalityIII. Ceres’ RevengeIV. Erysicthon’s DaughterV. PointCurrent LectureThe Fearful Power of CeresContext:- Achelous (River god) Telling Theseus stories about shape-changers Proteus- Erysicthon’s daughter (Erysicthon)- Then his own encounter with HeraclesErysicthon’s CriminalityThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Impious boast- Chop -> blood Attempt to stop- Warning from DryadCeres’ Revenge- Dryad asks Ceres for revenge- Unleashes famine Famine/Demeter cant be together Famine as own victim- Famine breaths self into Erysicthon Insatiable hungerErysicthon’s Daughter- Sold into slavery for money for food- Previous encounter with Neptune Transformation into fisherman Escape from slavery Self transformation- Sold repeatedly by father- Erysicthon eats self into nothingnessPoint- Shape Changing (Acheleous et al.)- Proper respect for gods/nature Sacred groves; ancient trees/oaks Demeter’s power- Myth usually promotes conservative social valuesCLAS 1601st EditionLecture 25Outline of Last Lecture VI. Context:VII. Erysicthon’s CriminalityVIII. Ceres’ RevengeIX. Erysicthon’s DaughterX. PointOutline of Current Lecture I. Side Note: PanII. Dionysus (Bacchus, Euios) Roman: LiberIII. EnthusiasmosIV. SparagmosCurrent LectureIntro to DionysusSide Note: Pan- “Son of Hermes”- “Pastoral god of the long wild hair”- Mountains, wild places- Music, laughter, dance, nymphs Syrinx- Etymology: “he made glad the hearts of them all”- All the immortals were glad…and above them all DionysusDionysus (Bacchus, Euios) Roman: Liber- Twice born god Zeus/Semele Zeus’ thigh- Iconography: Grapevines Often young/effeminate Sometimes mature (“Father Liber”) Riding tiger/wild animals Maenads/Bacchae (followers of Dionysus) Thyrsus Snakes in hair Wild animals Skins as clothing- God of wine, theatre, fertility, madness- Epithets: Bacchus (“the mad”) Bromios (“roarer”) Liber/Lusios (“the loosener”) Maenads and the constraints of women Euios (“he of the euoi”)- Ritual practices: Enthusiasmos and SparagmosEnthusiasmos- =Possession by a god (shamanism?)- Equated with “ecstasy” (=standing out of one’s self)- Associated with: Intoxicants (wine!) Dancing Prophecy ActingSparagmos- Ritual dismemberment of living being Animal Human?- Eating of raw flesh?- Actual practice or just imagined in myth?- Example: OrpheusCLAS 1601st EditionLecture 26Outline of Last Lecture V. Side Note: PanVI. Dionysus (Bacchus, Euios) Roman: LiberVII. EnthusiasmosVIII. SparagmosOutline of Current Lecture I. Basic IntroductionII. Major CharactersIII. Basic Problems and PlotIV. Dionysus’ ArrivalV. Dionysus’ RevengeVI. Entrance of ChorusVII. Cadmus and TiresiasVIII. Pentheus vs. Cadmus and TiresiasIX. ActaeonX. Pentheus and the StrangerXI. The Stranger FreedXII. The Messenger’s Speech and ReactionXIII. The Play TurnsXIV. Second Messenger SpeechXV. Agave’s Triumphant ReturnCurrent LectureThe Fearful Power of DionysusBasic Introduction- Euripides- 405 BCE After Euripides’ death- Won 1st prizeMajor Characters- Dionysus Stranger- Pentheus King of Thebes- Cadmus Retired king- Agave Queen mom- Tiresias Blind seer- Bacchae (Chorus) Asian followers of Dionysus- Soldier/Messenger ThebansBasic Problems and Plot- Dionysus spreading his worship to Thebes Setting: Palace of Pentheus Semele’s tomb- Pentheus refusal to celebrate Dionysus Rejection of divinity Rejection of Semele and Zeus Rejection that Dionysus is alive - Dionysus’ punishment of Pentheus- Agave’s destruction of her sonDionysus’ Arrival- Born here but just arriving? Travels! Lydrians -> Phrygians -> Persians ->Backtrians -> Medes -> Arabia -> Coastal Asia Minor -> ThebesDionysus’ Revenge- Semele used Zeus as excuse; was smited- All Theban women made into Maenads, have gone to the MountainEntrance of Chorus- Importance of chorus In all tragedies In the Bacchae “Drums”- Chorus itself Asian (foreign/non-Greek) Sensuous luxury Proof of Dionysus’ power (or debauchery)- Choral song Birth story, praise of Thebes fro producing Dionysus Origin of the drum, Rhea Hymn to DionysusCadmus and Tiresias- Dressed like Maenads going to the Mountains- Different reasons- Debate: better to obey the gods or follow usual customs Old age/Masculinity (shame/reputation)Pentheus vs. Cadmus and Tiresias- Pentheus tries to stop Cadmus Blames Tiresias-more money? Assertion: nothing holy going on- Tiresias: Slippery/false argument about birth (piece/peace; sky;thigh)- Cadmus: Example of Actaeon-don’t let that happen to you!- Pentheus sends guards to… Capture the stranger Destroy Tiresias’ shrineActaeon- Hunter (on Mt. Citaeron)- Boasted he was better hunter than Artemis Saw Artemis naked- Turned into deer- Devoured by his own hounds- Why is he brought up in the Bacchae?Pentheus and the Stranger- Arrest of stranger- Escape of Theban Bacchae- Pentheus interrogates stranger Lies, evasive answers Ironies- Pentheus attempts to restrain strangerThe Stranger Freed- Dionysus’ voice- Destruction of the palace Earthquake Flame from tomb- Pentheus’ visions Bull instead of stranger Attack on “the light” in the courtyard- Pentheus confronts stranger againThe Messenger’s Speech and Reaction- Bacchae relaxing, nursing wild animals- Miracles: thyrsus + rock =streams of wine, milk, honey- Hunt-Messenger and then bulls Raid on village- Pentheus’ reaction: Thebes’ shame and declaration of warThe Play Turns- New plan: spy on women Women’s clothing Ritual initiation? Humiliation? Destruction of identity Ultimately destruction! Pentheus’ madnessSecond Messenger Speech- Pentheus spying from the tree top- Women chase, Agave leads Tear up tree Enthusiasmos Pentheus torn apart SparagmosAgave’s Triumphant Return- Victorious return with “mountain lion” head