CLAS 160 1st Edition Lecture 4Outline of Last Lecture I. How to Hymn the GodII. Homeric HymnsIII. Structure of Homeric HymnsOutline of Current Lecture I. HesiodII. TheogonyIII. Reading TheogonyCurrent LectureINTRODUCTION TO HESIOD AND “THEOGONY”Hesiod- Hesiod (~700 BCE)- (Archaic Period)- Boeotian (Near Thebes)- Two Major Works:- Theogony- Works and DaysTheogony- Title: Theo (god)+ gon-y (birth) -> “The Birth of the Gods”- Account of creation -> present order- Fairly organized- Vs. MYTH- Rationalization?Reading TheogonyThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Follow general story- Power Who has power? How did they get it? What do they do to keep it?- Progress How does the world get better?- Don’t freak out about names- Focus on: Ouranos, Gaia, Kronos, Zeus, Metis, the Muses, and Typhon- List-making in Ancient Poetry- Think about genre- Epic stories vs. Hymns -> which is this?CLAS 160 1st Edition Lecture 6 Outline of Last Lecture IV. HesiodV. TheogonyVI. Reading TheogonyOutline of Current Lecture I. Basic Structure of Hesiod’s “Theogony”II. The Primordial GodsIII. Cronos (Saturn)IV. The (Literal) Fallout of Ouranos’ CastrationV. TitanomachyVI. MetisCurrent LectureHesiod’s TheogonyBasic Structure of Hesiod’s “Theogony”- The Muses- Succession Myth: A myth which features a pattern of one god replacing another as the supreme deity- The First God- Castration of Ouranos- Titans and Titanomachy- Typhonomachy- Olympians and their divine children- Semi-divine children (Heroes)- [Catalogue of women] *Remember: myth is chaotic/order is imposed by authorThe Primordial Gods- Chaos-space- Gaia-earth (gives birth without sex to mountains, Ouranos (sky), and Pontos (sea). Breeds with Ouranos and births Cyclopes, titans, hundred-handers)- Tartaros-underworld- Erebos-shadowy dark- Nyx-night (Breeds with Erebos to birth Aether (thin air between earth and space) and Day- Eros-sexual desireCronos (Saturn)- Youngest son of Ouranos and Gaia- Deceptive/Clever- “an arch deceiver” (138)- “whose mind worked in strange ways” (169)- Castrates father with sickle- Swallows children, is deposed by Zeus- Comes to be associated with ChronosThe (Literal) Fallout of Ouranos’ Castration- Aphrodite- Aphros (foam)- Furies (Erinyes)- Avengers of crimes against family members- GiantsTitanomachy: (battle) - Battle between Titans and Olympians- Zeus frees:- Siblings Puts the rock at Delphi- Cyclopes Lightning- Hundred-Handers Brute strength- Wins; Banishes enemies to TartarosMetis- First “wife” of Zeus- = “cunning” or “creative intelligence”- Cronos is called “crooked-metis’ed)- Odysseus is called “multi-metis’ed)- Gets eaten by Zeus- (Mother?) Of AthenaCLAS 160 1st Edition Lecture 7 Outline of Last Lecture VII. Basic Structure of Hesiod’s “Theogony”VIII. The Primordial GodsIX. Cronos (Saturn)X. The (Literal) Fallout of Ouranos’ CastrationXI. TitanomachyXII. MetisOutline of Current Lecture II. Structure of the “Works and Days”III. The 5 races/ages of menIV. Pandora (Transition to iron age?)Current LectureAges and WomenStructure of the “Works and Days”- Introduction/Invocation of Muses- Why life is hard- Prometheus (Next Module)- Pandora- The five ages- (Conflicting accounts?)- Advice to Perses (50%+)- Quarrel over inheritanceThe 5 races/ages of men- Golden Age- “Not a care in their hearts”-132- “Miserable old age didn’t exist”-134- “The land bore them fruit/All on it’s own”-138/9- Buried; become daimones tending to dike (justice)-142- Silver Age- Not as good as gold-149- Long infancy-151- Not smart enough to stop fighting/sacrifice-156- Zeus destroys them-159- Bronze Age- Very different from silver-166- Strong, constant fighters-168- Didn’t eat (or farm)-168- Killed each other off (no memory of names)- Age of Heroes- More Just and Nobler-180- Trojan war heroes and Theban war-184/5- Transported to Isles of the Blest-192- Iron Age- Constant trouble-206- Some good mixed with evil-209- Soon justice (Dike), shame, and nemesis will be gone-230- Better to be born before or after-203- Post-Iron Age- ?Pandora- Pan (all) + dora (gifts)- What does it mean?- Given to Epimetheus- Made of clay- “Box”/ “Jar”- Only in Works and Days- No curiosity or injunctionCLAS 160 1st Edition Lecture 8 Outline of Last Lecture V. Structure of the “Works and Days”VI. The 5 races/ages of menVII. Pandora (Transition to iron age?)Outline of Current Lecture I. Enoma Elish (“When on High”)II. “Kinship in Heaven” and “Song of Ulikummi”III. Proto-Indo-EuropeansIV. The Mahabharata: An Indo-European Parallel? V. The Palhari: Another Indo-European ParallelVI. Ovid and his MetamorphosesCurrent LectureNear Eastern Cosmogonies/ Intro to Ovid’s MetamorphosesEnoma Elish (“When on High”)- Creation myth from Babylon (Mesopotamia)- Written by 1100 BCE- Early gods: Apsu, Tiamat- Main god: Marduk“Kinship in Heaven” and “Song of Ulikummi”- Hittite creation stories- Eastern Asia Minor- ~1300 BCE written down- Early gods: Alalush, Anush, Kumarbi- Main god: Teshub- Rock monster: UlikummiProto-Indo-Europeans- Spoke the “Proto-Indo-European” language- Shared culture, technology, religion, mythology - Domesticated horses, war chariots- Storm/sky god (Zeus, Ju-piter, Indra, Thor)- ~4000-1500 (?) BCE, speakers spread- Take myth with them- Descendants included Hittites, Greeks, Romans, Northern Europeans, IndiansThe Mahabharata: An Indo-Europeans Parallel?- 1st (White) age: 100% Dharma (Justice), related to Dike- No work, no death, no need for agriculture- 2nd (Yellow) age: 75% Dharma, sacrifice introduced, law and ritual- 3rd (Red) age: 50% Dharma, disease and disasters- 4th (Black) age: 25% Dharma, world spirals into decline- Brothers fight with brothers; sons mistreat fathers- Then REPEATSThe Palhari: Another Indo-European Parallel- Giant is dismembered- Head= Priests (Gold/Silver?)- Hands= Warriors (Bronze/ Heroes?)- Belly= Agricultural Class (Iron/ Post-Iron?)- Feet= Artisans (?)- Tree with four branches- Gold, silver, steel, and “mixed iron”Ovid and his Metamorphoses- Publius Ovidius Naso- Roman poet- 43 BCE-17 CE- Works:- Love poetry- Metamorphoses (very complicated structure) Right before exile- Exiled to Black Sea in 8 CE- Carmen et error (a poem and a