GHY 104 1st Edition Lecture 12Local Winds- Formed in response to local terrain- Land-sea breezes - Mountain-valley breezes- Katabatic winds (gravity drainage winds)- Monsoonal winds (seasonally change direction)- Southeastern Asia = heavy, heavy rainfall- Also, southwestern U.S. = very wet in July and August- Santa Ana winds (local wind type)- Warmer air in mountains during the day- Colder air in mountains during the night- Katabatic winds (more regional and stronger than Valley and Mountain breezes)Lecture 13Ocean Currents- Frictional Drag of Winds- Driving force for ocean currents- This links the atmosphere and oceanic system- Coriolis, density difference (temp & salinity) configuration of continents and ocean floor, andtides also important for shaping currents- Surface Currents- Cold = high latitude to low latitudeThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Warm = low latitude to high latitude- Effective mechanisms for redistributing energy across the earth’s surface- Gyres: circulate in certain directions - North Atlantic Gyre & North Pacific Gyre: all driven by air – warm currents- Upwelling and downwelling currents- Surface water swept away from coast (via Coriolis or offshore winds), an upwelling current occurs.- Cool, nutrient-rich, rises from great depths, prime fishing, off coast of North and South America- Areas of excess water gravitate downward- These are deep currents that travel the extent of the ocean basin, carrying heat energy and salinityDeep Ocean Currents- Thermohaline circulation: Earth’s deep ocean currents- Caused by differences in temperature (thermo-) and salinity (-haline)- Very slow - 1000 years to complete 1 cycle- North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) = pump for the global “conveyor belt” system- Efficient but slow mechanism for redistributing
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