GHY 104 1st Edition Lecture 5Profile of the Atmosphere based on Temperature- Troposphere- 90% mass of atmosphere- All weather happens in troposphere- Normal Lapse Rate- average cooling rate of 6.4 C⁰ (temps. Decrease with altitude)- Environmental Lapse Rate- actual local lapse rate at any time and place- Tropopause ( troposphere’s upper limit) Average temp of -70⁰ F Exact alt. varies with seasons, latitude, surface temps. & pressure Marked warming in the Stratosphere causes tropopause to act as lid Prevents cooler (denser) air below from mixing with warmer (less dense) air in the Stratosphere- Stratosphere- Temperatures increase with altitude from -70⁰ F at tropopause to 32⁰ F out stratopause- Stratopause (outer boundary)- Mesosphere- Mesopause (coldest portion of the atmosphere, average -130⁰ F)- Receives meteoric dust, on which ice crystals form- Noctilucent clouds - Thermosphere- Roughly same as heterosphere- Thermopause (upper limit)- Fact: can cause friction drag on sats. In low orbit- Temps. Rise to 2200⁰ F, but not “hot”These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Temp. and heat are different concepts- Solar radiation causes high kinetic energy, measured as temp; but not sensible heatAtmospheric Function- Ozonesphere- Part of Stratosphere- Oxygen (O2) ≠ Ozone (O3) Highly reactive, has one extra O atom- O3 absorbs UV energy and converts it to heat energy (infrared radiation with longer wavelengths); “filter”- Ionsphere- Absorbs cosmic rays, gamma rays, X-rays, some UV rays and changes atoms into (+) ions- Used to reflect radio waves (AM and other shortwave broadcasts)- FM, TV broadcasts pass through- ClO and O3- The chemical compound ClO (chlorine monoxide) is a by-product of chemical reactions that involve
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