Convergence 09 03 2014 Day 1 Intro Creative Destruction process of industrial mutation that incessantly revolutionizes the economic structure from within incessantly destroying the old one incessantly creating a new one the next big thing comes and knocks old of Convergence The delivery of multiple types of media over a single wired or wireless pathway o Disrupts existing business models o Creates new opportunities for new businesses Media industries no longer compete in just their own silos Democratization of Media Time Shifting Consumer Created Content Audience Fragmentation Broadcast Networks like coke or pepsi ABC NBC Cable Networks and Online now we have so many other networks e books music internet Online reading questions 1 How did radio technology change to make its use for broadcasting possible Technology started with navy ships for military use Marconi s radio telegraph was used for wireless communication using radio waves Fessenden continuous wave able to send voice broadcast 1906 Forest used a vacuum tube Audion that was the first way sound was able to be heard amplified radio waves FCC made it able for people to start buying licenses for broadcasting 2 Explain why FM radio did not immediately replace AM what changes allowed FM to become more popular than AM AM station owner worried about FM hurting profits dividing the market AM broadcasters convinced FCC to move to frequencies 1960 s FCC limited simulcasting of AM stations to 50 of time FM played a greater variety of music and longer songs 3 How did Hollywood s relationship with TV evolve through the early days of TV Ignored TV as a fad TV was originally live broadcast in New York Hollywood had the film studios Began to get Hollywood film production of TV shows 1960 Hollywood studios decide to produce TV shows on film provide some movies 4 Why do broadcast and cable networks allow their programs to be viewed on the internet when most of their profits came from distribution through cable satellites Reading Warm up 2 09 03 2014 Pages 180 183 325 330 Media Today Funding Online Content Sites survive through advertising revenues Sites Involved in Image Making Idea behind using a site for image making activities encourage fans to purchase the product offline Sites Selling Products or Services Click Mortar companies Firms with both an online and an offline sales presence EX Amazon Content Sites Selling Subscriptions Netflix Selling Advertisements Advertisers have technology to track what we use and bribe us with it Keyword advertising when software determines what a person is reading and sends the person ads for products and advertisers consider related to the topic Contextual advertising software determines what a person is reading and sends the person ads for products that advertisers consider related to the topic Profiling creating a description of someone based on collected data Technological Change 09 03 2014 1910 Starting a car Successive Technologies New technologies must often be improved before they can support new ways to make a profit business models from the technology Wireless telegraph to broadcast radio Marconi Successive Radio Technology Samuel F B Morse invented the telegraph James Clerk Maxwell theorizes that radio waves exist Heinrich Hertz proved that radio waves existed Guglielmo Marconi put together the first working wireless telegraph system for one place to another communication ships Oliver Lodge resonant tuning Reginald Fessenden invented voice transmission Lee de Forest Audion tube which amplifies the radio signals Edward Howard Armstrong boosts signal further with the regenerative circuit o Also came up with Superheterodyne better to tune signals without interference Evolution of Regulation Berlin radio conferences in 1903 and 1906 o Handle all wireless messages o Encourage radio on all ships Wireless ship act of 1910 Ship Safety Adopted most Berlin conference suggestions Ships with 50 passengers must have wireless Radio Act of 1912 Two wireless operators on every ship All transmitters must be licensed First comprehensive regulation of land stations Annual Radio Conferences Secretary Herbert Hoover attempts voluntary solutions for interference problems Court rule in 1926 that Hoover has no power to regulate Radio Act of 1927 Fundamental principles of the law still exist Airwaves belong to the people Broadcasters must serve the public interest convenience and necessity Federal Radio Commission FRC created Non political government commission Given the job of eliminating interference Communications Act of 1934 Federal communications commission replaces the FRC o Regulates both wired wireless communication o Continued public interest requirement Telecommunications Act of 1996 Encouraged greater competition between telecom Companies Allowed greater concentration of the media Changed limitations of how many stations companies could own 09 03 2014 Discussion 2 The Internet in the Arab Spring How did the internet contribute to the revolution o Attracted more people to the revolution Would the revolution have happened without social networks o The revolution was inevitable Consider that the revolutions success was only temporary can social networks be blamed o Revolutions tend to fail regardless of the internet Protests and social media Twitter images of the 2011 Egyptian Revolution examination Ozen Bass Tamara K Emotional images Police army military vehicle etc Efficacy eliciting Crowds groups of people Protest activities signs Symbols religious national Summary More collective pictures More efficacy than emotional Egyptians users less violence Activists more crowds Reposting caricatures Time of instability more national and religious symbols Influential users more crowds less facial emotions Business Models 09 03 2014 Media must find the right business models to earn a profit from the products and services they ofer to be prepared to adjust or change those models to respond to new competitors and new technologies Business model metaphor Lemonade Stand o Charge consumers for each cup sold o Free samples of lemonade that is sold in stores o All you can drink for a monthly fee o Give away lemonade charge to put marketing messages on the cups Early Broadcast Business Models 1920 s people hated radio broadcasting advertisers Loss Leader Toll Broadcasting AT T charged for toll calls Program sponsorship advertising What product or service of value to your customers will you ofer Through which channel will