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ISU BBMB 405 - Chapter 24: Biosynthesis of amino acids
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BBMB 405 1st Edition Lecture 17 Outline of Last Lecture XV Chapter 23 Protein Turnover and Amino Acid Catabolism F Carbon atoms of degraded amino acids emerge as major metabolic intermediates E Inborn errors of metabolism can disrupt amino acid degradation Outline of Current Lecture XVI Chapter 24 The biosynthesis of Amino Acids A Nitrogen fixation Microorganisms use ATP and a powerful reductant to reduce atmosphere nitrogen to ammonia B Amino acids are made from intermediates of citric acid cycle and other major pathways C Feedback inhibition regulates amino acid biosynthesis D Amino acids are precursors of many biomolecules Current Lecture XVI Chapter 24 The biosynthesis of Amino Acids A Nitrogen fixation Microorganisms use ATP and a powerful reductant to reduce atmosphere nitrogen to ammonia 1 Glutamate dehydrogenase These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute 2 Glutamate synthetase minimize ammonia concentration and make amino acids B Amino acids are made from intermediates of citric acid cycle and other major pathways 1 Arginine is needed requirement as babies but otherwise classified as nonessential amino acid 2 THFA Tetrahyrdofolatic acid enzyme form of folic acid in green leafy vegetables 3 Serine THFA glycine methyleneTHFA H2O 4 Folic acid is required because we can t hook benzoate to pteridine N bonded to pteridine 5 Sulfa drugs inhibit forming this bond and is used to treat microbes that make own THFA 6 Dificiency of folic acid anemia make nucleotides for DNA neutral tube defects in fetus spina bifida 7 Require 400 micrograms day of folic acid 8 Carbon groups carried by THFA can be of various oxidative states 9 Handout 2 20 Synthesis of non essential amino acids in animals MEMORIZE 10 S Adenosylmethionine is major donor of methyl groups Folic acid can donate accept methyl groups a b Homocysteine can be converted to alpha KG or can go into below reaction c d e Take methyl and make SAM to make other molecules f High concentrations of homocysteine increases risk for heart disease lower by utilization of homocysteine take vitamins B6 B12 and folic acid to stimulate pathways that utilize molecule 11 Phosphoenolpyruvate chorismate aromatic amino acid 12 Glyphosphate inhibit shikimate 3 phosphate to 5 Enolpyruvate shikimate C Feedback inhibition regulates amino acid biosynthesis Skip D Amino acids are precursors of many biomolecules 1 Synthesis of N containing acids from amino acids a Adenine b Cytosine c Sphingosine lipids d Histamine made from histadine causes swelling e Thyroxine precursor is tyrosine f Epinephrine precursor is tyrosine g Serotonin precursor is tryptophan h Nicotinamide unit of NAD 2 Handout 2 23 a Creatine phosphate b Tyrosine tyrosine is iodinated in thyroid gland to create thyroglobin also can create dopamine which is a neurotransmitter and when deficient Parkinson s disease occurs


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ISU BBMB 405 - Chapter 24: Biosynthesis of amino acids

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