BBMB 405 1st Edition Lecture 8Outline of Last Lecture XII. Chapter 21: Glycogen MetabolismC. Epinephrine and glucagon signal the need for glycogen breakdownD. Glycogen is synthesized and degraded by different pathwaysE. Glycogen breakdown and synthesis are reciprocally regulatedOutline of Current Lecture XIII. Handout (1/28)XIV. Chapter 22: Fatty Acid MetabolismA. IntroductionB. Fatty Acid DegradationC. Triacylglycerols are highly concentrated energy storesCurrent LectureXIII. Handout (1/28)A. Lipid: Water-insoluble organic substance found in cells that is extractable by nonpolar solvents like diethyl etherB. C-18:1 is the most abundant fatty acidC. CLA: Conjugated linoleic Acid1. Synthesis of CLA: See handout2. Double bonds every other carbon: cis-9 and trans-113. Produced in rumin of cattleThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.4. Intermediate for steric acids- reduced to trans-11D. Biochemical roles for fatty acids1. Building blocks of phospholipids and glycolipids2. Bind proteins and target them to membranes3. Fuel for life4. Energy storage as triacylglycerols (TAG)5. Precursor for hormones (prostaglandins) and intracellular and intercellular messengers (eicosanoids)E. Healthy benefits of CLA to humans: lower obesity, cancer, and atherosclerosis; up immune function and bone strengthXIV. Chapter 22: Fatty Acid MetabolismA. Introduction1. Usually (2) fatty acid is unsaturated2. Store in Adipocyte3. Adipocytes: fibroplast and trioglycerol: cell becomes trioglycerols; nucleus and other organelles squished to edge4. Review Chapter 12: learn nomenclature of fatty acidsB. Fatty Acid DegradationC. Triacylglycerols are highly concentrated energy stores1. Triacylglycerols burns 9 kcal/g2. Dietary lipids are digested by pancreatic lipasesa. Most susceptible fatty acid is one on either side of triacylglycerolb. End product for absorption of trioglycerolsc.d. Glycocholate is produced in lever and is an emulsifier (lipids form micells)e.f. Note: triacylglycerides should be triacylglycerolsg. Chylomicrons: lipid droplet, primarily triacylglycerols and phospholipids/proteins on surface3. Dietary lipids are transported in chylomicronsa. Water insoluble goes through lymphatic system then to heart then to bodyb. Then at adipose tissue and muscle: particles bind to membrane bound lipases and are degraded into free fatty acids and monoacylglycerol for transport into tissuec. Once in tissue triacylglycerols are resynthesized in cell and store or in muscle are used for
View Full Document
Unlocking...