BBMB 405 1st Edition Lecture 4 Outline of Last Lecture V. HandoutA. Four light driven changes in stroma of chloroplasts (integration of light reactions with dark reactions)B. Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) plants (desert plants)C. DiagramVI. Quiz 1 Answers (What I got)VII. Chapter 20: The Calvin Cycle and the Pentose Phosphate PathwayA. Calvin cycle synthesizes hexoses from carbon dioxide and water (1/16)B. The activity of Calvin cycle depends on environmental conditions (1/16)Outline of Current Lecture VII. Chapter 20: The Calvin Cycle and the Pentose Phosphate PathwayC. The pentose phosphate Pathway Generates NADPH and Synthesizes Five-Carbon Sugars (1/21)VIII. Summary of Calvin CycleIX. Handout: Physiological significance of hexose monophosphate pathway (pentose phosphate pathway)Current LectureVII. Chapter 20: The Calvin Cycle and the Pentose Phosphate PathwayThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.C. The pentose phosphate Pathway Generates NADPH and Synthesizes Five-Carbon Sugars1. Overviewa. Pentose phosphate pathway has two phases: oxidative generation of NADPH and nonoxidative interconversion of sugarb. Reaction:c. Takes place in cytoplasmd. Diagram2. Two molecules of NADPH are generated in conversion of glucose 6-phosphateinto ribulose 5-phosphate3. The Pentose phosphate pathway and glycolysis are linked by transketolase and translaldosea. Enzymes transketolase and transaldolase create reversible link between pentose phosphate pathway and glycolysis by catalyzing reaction that move carbons from one molecule to anotherb. Reaction in orderi.ii.iii.iv.c. Sum:d. Net reaction starting with ribose 5-phosphate:e. BeriBeri: low thymine, effects red blood cells transketolase activityf. More on this section next lectureVIII. Summary of Calvin cycleA. Fixation of CO2 into Ru-1,5 bisPB. Reduction of 1,3 bis PGAC. Regeneration of Ru 1,5 bis P from F-6-P and GAPD. Note: bis means more than 1 phosphate group on carbon molecule while di means two phosphates hooked to each other then connected to carbon moleculeIX. Handout: Physiological significance of hexose monophosphate pathway (pentose phosphate pathway)A. Produce NADPH for reductive reactions (Table 20.2, do not memorize)1. Pathways requiring NADPH2. Synthesis: fatty acid biosynthesis, cholesterol biosynthesis, neurotransmitter biosynthesis, nucleotide biosynthesis3. Detoxification: reduction of oxidized glutathione, cytochrome P450 monooxygenaseB. Generate pentose for DNA, RNA, coenzymes, and nucleotidesC. Use of diet-derived ribose1. R+ATP R-5-P +ADPD. Reduce peroxides1. Glutathione (GSH) is reduced and ROOH is oxidized using NADPH2. GSH: glut—cys—gly3. In red blood cellsE. Keep cys proteins as –SHF. Keep Hb in RBCs in Fe2+ stateG. Respiratory burst in neutrophilsH. HemeBiliverdin bile pigments1. Degrade red blood cells2. Heme to biopigments using NADPH3. Note: will go through this is detail laterI. Hydroxylation reaction (eg cytochrome P450 monooxygenase)1. RH + O2 + NADPH + H+ ROH + H2O + NADP+2. Possibilities of R: Tryptamin to 5-Hydroxytryptamine (serotonin), proline to hydroxyproline (make cologne (from 404)), dopamine to norepinephrine (neurotransmitter production)J. Photosynthesis1. Ru-1,5-BP –CO2 2GAP
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