UGC 112 1st Edition Lecture 13 Outline of Current Lecture I Nations and Empires Internal and External Challenges II Major Themes a Relevance to Today III Basic Principles for Empires Four Main Points a Preconditions b What Brings Success c What are the Rewards d Why Do Empires Fail IV Ottoman and Romanov Problems V John Company Consequences VI Challenges to Qing Dynasty VII Taiping Rebellion or Revolution Current Lecture Nations and Empires 1 Internal and External Challenges Nations are seen as entities that are relatively coherent they may likely have a dominant religion have a sense of values and culture that is propagated through education system and is prominent Nations themselves COHERE Empires are much more varied they may have several nations within them different languages ideologies cultures and religions Deal with conflict and tension between nations and empires In the last couple days we have seen the annexation of a part of a foreign empire Keep in mind contemporary empires current news Civil wars often happen inside nations and empires Major Themes These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Atlantic revolutions and Afro Eurasian societies o Impact on societies throughout Africa and Eurasia were huge ottoman Russian Empires Radical Alternative movements efforts to reorganize a total social and political vision a set of ideas that may not have been used in the past brought in for new attention The Taiping Revolution was it a rebellion or a revolution Great kingdom of Heavenly Peace Relevance to today Change spreads from diverse centers change can start anywhere ideas spread Today they spread with the speed of light Importance of charismatic individuals have relevance at certain pivotal points in history Modernization hard and soft It is a loaded term what is considered modern changes every year Hard Modernization is imposed from the top This idea was seen with Peter the Great The soft modernization comes from the low diffuses gradually and percolates through It is not rammed down people s throats One of the more important minority languages in China Tashi Delek Tibetan Buddhism as their religion The issue here is how should we as people in this country understand Tibet and its society Basic Principles for Empires Four Major Points Preconditions Empires do not suddenly come about Something in the air that makes them possible is the precondition Examples of preconditions 1 Large population leader toleration willingness to accept different cultures rebellion overturning minority 2 Government administration that can tax and spend and set up a military 3 Farming run out eventually of food and resources if you are just borrowing from others 4 Variety of different climate zones What Brings Success Conquest can bring in new resources and increase population Ideology charismatic individual may be able to formulate ideas into appealing set of ideas Ex Muhammad or Jesus followers using parables and sayings converted into Quran and Bible Militarism What are the Rewards Conquest can immediately bring in new resources Spain in particular profited from gold and silver that came from the new World This bouillon had negative impact on China got caught up in war Nazis were incredibly popular until 1942 about and Germany almost won WWII Hitler was seen as a charismatic and powerful individual who would restore Germany Economic rewards conquest of the new world Population increase numbers count Why do Empires Fail POSSIBLE ESSAY QUESTION FOR EXAM 2 Changing ideology they may not fit different circumstances If an ideology is linked to an individual Overreach beyond the limits of practical enforcement Famine Deflation Inflation more likely than deflation Natural Disasters Ottoman and Romanov Problems Soft and Hard approaches Soft gradual change working with and through people spread of ideas and technologies that are useful and of interest to wide numbers Hard imposed on people Example US invaded Iraq because they thought there were weapons of mass destruction Trying to bring democracy to Iraq Muhammad Ali of Egypt Modernization from Above he was from the Ottoman Empire 18051848 he was a man of great importance In the beginning Napoleon s army was spreading across Europe and Europe was caught up in liberal democratic revolutions that failed Ali was in Egypt and he looked outside Egyptian history and was looking for a different model He chose FRANCE for change o Egyptian economy depended on EXPORTS Muhammad led from above Hard Inherent problems for Romanovs Russian Empire There were many peasants and people were deeply rooted in their conservative ways Peasants of Egypt were caught up in their cycle determined by the Nile flooding Difference Europe was much more powerful than any individual part of Ottoman Empire 18 000 soldiers Russia did build huge armies Soviet Union today relies heavily on conscription o Gradual reform or unseated by revolution Eventually the latter John Company Consequences Geographic Area INDIA 1867 1805 1857 1602 Date of Acquisition British East India Company was set up by Queen Elizabeth I Chartered company with a major purpose to make money Start out in the ports The British flu spread and took over so much of southern India Queen Victoria became the Empress Victoria in 1858 India was the crowned jewel Challenges to Qing Dynasty The Qing was the last of the ruling dynasties of China go back from the time frame of roughly 220 to October 10 1911 referred to as double ten Over expansion Tibet Taiwan Western Mongols in Inner Mongolia Southern Siberia with expanding Russian Empire Always moving towards the Pacific Uighurs a Turkic ethnic group living in Eastern and Central Asia New Borderlands Minority control who was ruling The Qing came from outside of China They were Manchus they did not speak Chinese used a separate language and script The minority said to the majority okay you are going to differentiate yourself in the following way shave heads except for a knot in the back of your head o Manchus were at most 2 of population and ruled over the whole country Poppy oozes sap when cut into extracted and sold as opium Can be basis for heroin cocaine Opium they lost the Opium War o There was tension China represented A HUGE market Tea could be sold in China o Opium Wars broke out due to British invasions of China saying we want the right to sell you something