Bioee 1610 1st Edition Lecture 5Outline of previous lectureI. FIRST PRELIM!II. Terrestrial biomesA) TundraB) Boreal forestC) Temperate forestD) Temperate grasslandE) MediterraneanF) DesertsG) Savanna/tropical seasonal forestH) Tropical rainforestOutline of current lectureI. ReminderII. Deep ocean biomeA) Deep oceanIII. Surface water biomesA) Subtropical gyresB) Upwelling systemsC) Continental shelvesD) High/low latitude watersE) SummaryCurrent lectureI. Reminder:*First test a week from today, during class (Feb 19)*Review session Wednesday Feb 18 6:30-8:30 in A106 Corson Hall (Bring questions!)*A-K in Plant Sciences 233*L-Z in Riley Robb*Professor will be gone for a couple weeks after test… we will have Professor Powers insteadII. Deep ocean biome*71% of earth, 97% of all water on earth*Freshwater biome information can be found in Essentials of Ecology*200m is the absolute lowest that light can reach into the water; in coastal waters it’s more like 50m or lessA) Deep ocean*Average depth of water=4.3km; max=11kmThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.*Deep ocean=rivals the diversity of tropical rainforests (most organisms are tiny and slow)*No photosynthesis… where does the energy come from?-Chemoautotrophy-Sinking from surface waters*The deep ocean is around the 4-5 degrees Celsius (refrigerator temperature)*Low temperature=low bacteria activity, so animals eat a lot of the sinking organic matter *Carbon dioxide stored inorganically in the oceansIII. Surface water biomes*Defined by nutrient input, mostlyA) Subtropical gyres*Enclosed by currents*Cover half of the oceans’ surface area*Very high diversity*Productivity rivals the most arid of deserts*The water is really clear, so the light goes down 200m… why is there so little photosynthesis?-Very little nutrients (deeps ocean nutrients can’t reach them from below)*Low nutrients=small phytoplankton=long food chains (less efficient, so less production at top predators)*Sargasso sea  has Sargassum weed floating in sheets (creative name, right?)B) Upwelling systems*Upwelling – result of interaction of prevailing winds interact with coastlines; brings cold, deep-ocean water to surface*Light penetration is very low because there is so much phytoplankton*High productivity, low diversity*High nutrientslarge phytoplanktonshort food chainC) Continental shelves*High photosynthesis because they get a lot of nutrients from land*Low light penetration (often shallow so it doesn’t matter)*High productivity, relatively low diversityD) High/low latitude waters (Arctic, Antarctic)*Why would these waters be more productive than the gyres?-Less stratification= nutrients more readily available, but still light can reach far enough downE) Summary*Nutrient from land/river, but mostly deep ocean*Only in the top layer of the ocean is there enough light for photosynthesis*Compared to land: Photosynthesis is roughly equal on land and in the ocean, but biomass is greatest on land (remember, ocean surface is much greater thanland, but forests contain a whole lot of