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CORNELL BIOEE 1610 - Terrestrial Biomes

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BIOEE 1610 1st Edition Lecture 4 Outline of previous lectureI. Climate changeII. CirculationA) AtmosphericB) OceansIII. ClimateOutline of current lectureI. FIRST PRELIM!II. Terrestrial biomesA) TundraB) Boreal forestC) Temperate forestD) Temperate grasslandCurrent lectureI. FIRST PRELIM!*Next ThursdayLast name A-K: Plant Science 233Last name L-Z: Riley Robb Hall 125II. Terrestrial biomes*Terrestrial biomes are large areas of land defined by precipitation, temperature, and plants*Robert Whittaker went to Cornell, came up with a very popular conceptual map of biomes*For a given biome, similar plants will exist all across the globe because of convergent evolution*Biomes occur where they are because of climate… human-caused change will muck it upA) Tundra-Temperature: low-Precipitation: low-Location: mostly Arctic-Other characteristics: short summer, but long periods of daylight-Vegetation: moss, lichens, grass, sedges, shrubs-Soil: frozen/wet, permafrost, slow decomposition, carbon-rich-Productivity: low*Disturbances: global warming=thaw=firesB) Boreal forest-Temperature: mid-lowThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.-Precipitation: middle-Other characteristics: -Vegetation: conifers, low diversity, evergreens-Soil: often frozen or wet, carbon-rich-Productivity: moderate*Disturbances: massive fires, insect outbreaks (because of low diversity)C) Temperate forest (temperate evergreen forest, temperate deciduous forest)-Temperature: middle-Precipitation: middle-Other characteristics: summers dry in evergreen, average in deciduous, growth in spring and fall in evergreen, cold prevents year-round growth in deciduous-Vegetation: evergreens/ deciduous trees-Soil:-Productivity: very productive*Disturbances: fire (from common and not severe to uncommon and catastrophic) , WindfallD) Temperate grasslands-Temperature: middle-Precipitation: mid-low-Other characteristics: strong seasonalties, cold winters and wet summers-Vegetation: dominated by grasses-Soil: nutrient rich, fertile, roots add to organic-rich soil-Productivity: fairly low*Disturbances: frequent fires, large herbivores, humans (convert easily to agricultural fields)E) Mediterranean-Temperature: middle-Precipitation: low-Other characteristics: relatively high diversity-Vegetation: evergreen shrubs and trees, sclerophyllus trees-Soil:-Productivity: middle*Disturbances:F) Deserts-Temperature: mid-low to high-Precipitation: very low-Other characteristics: 30-60 degrees north and south, generally-Vegetation: succulence, CAM, ephemerals, often very deep roots-Soil: thin, cemented, little organic material (think sand)-Productivity: low*Disturbances: flash floodsF) Savanna/tropical seasonal forest-Temperature: high-Precipitation: mid-low-Other characteristics: strongly seasonal, summer rains-Vegetation: grasses, a few scrawny trees/trees-Soil:-Productivity: moderately high*Disturbances: fire (super important for savannas), large herbivoresG) Tropical rainforest-Temperature: high-Precipitation: high-Other characteristics: everyone’s favorite biome (except mine), lots of sun all year, evenly distributed rainfall-Vegetation: broad-leaved evergreens, vast diversity, massive structure-Soil: often highly leached, acidic, and nutrient-poor-Productivity: super high*Disturbances: few (except humans)*ELEVATION MATTERS! It can make the same area of biome look very different (lose 6.4 degrees per 1000 m)III. Natural disturbance IV. Human


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