BIOEE 1610 1st Edition Lecture 16 Outline of previous lectureI. Resource-dependent communitiesA) Poverty in the midst of plenty; explanationsII. Community-based resource managementOutline of current lectureI. RIP Chapter HouseII. Community based resource managementIII. PopulationA) “Crisis” of population growthB) Demographya) Birthb) DeathCurrent lectureI. RIP Chapter House*This ties into the discussion about community and the public sphere*”Third Places”-essential for communities (first is home, second is work)-The US is bad at these “third places”*We lost a bar, a study place, a communication area*Rest in peaceII. Community based resource management*Bradshaw: 1) Credibility -Are they trying to do a good job managing broadly?-Community based resource management is theoretically more sustainability, however, communities can still make short-term decisions that are not sustainable#Community variability-Is community based resource management too localized?2) Capacity-The ability to effectively manage resources at a local level-If we do this, is inequality made even more prevalent?-Differences in skills/abilities can mean inequality#Especially when the resource doesn’t stop at the community boundary#Example: living downstream or upstream of another community#Centralized management can help even out inequalityThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.-Community based resource management can be good or bad, depending on specifics-Boom in fracking in North Dakota#Light from gas flares are just as bright as nearby citiesIII. PopulationA) ”Crisis” of population growth*World population in billions08 6.6909 6.7410 6.8111 6.8812 6.9613 7.0314 7.1015 7.23-In context: we are adding between 8 and 10 New York Cities to the population each year-Between 08 and 13, we added a whole United States-In the last hour, we added another Cornell*Where is this happening the most?-Large metropolitan areas in the developing world-Most growth has been in megacities outside the USB) Demography*Factors that influence population growth1) Births2) Deaths3) Net migration*0.4% growth rate would mean the population doubles in 175 years*1.9% growth rate would mean the population doubles in 37 yearsa) Birth*Factors affecting birth rates1) Age specific birth rate-Varies by cohort (a group of people born at the same time, experiencing the world in a very similar way)-Number of kids that a woman of a certain age is likely to have2) Age distribution-How the age categories themselves are distributed-Different birth rate if you have a bunch of 20 year olds vs a bunch of 60 year olds-Even if age specific birth rates are declining, population can begrowing because of a huge number of girls who are not yet of childbearing age (example: India, Africa)3) Age at which women start having children-Examples: two population of a hundred women-On average they will have 2 kids each-One population have kids at 50, the other at 20-The latter will grow much fasterb) DeathBirth rates Death ratesModernity -This is the expected progression of birth and death rates as countries Develop-Why does this happen?#Change in culture, change in values*Cognitive fix#Change in social structure*What is changing in the system making having less kids beneficial?-Decline of agrarianism-More (and different) role for women -More inclusion in market economy-Changing population distribution-Urbanization*More rational to have fewer kids-Flow of wealth is changing-Pre-modern society: wealth flows from young to old-Modern society: wealth flows from old to young-Most of us will invest less in our parents than they invested in us#Changes in policy*Planned parenthood*One child policy in China*We try to control birth rates even across borders. Why?-We want other countries to modernize so they can be in the
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