HIS102 1st Edition Lecture 7Outline of Last Lecture I. Pre-existing Conditionsa. Franceb. The Netherlandsc. BohemiaII. Thirty Years Wara. Impact on the Peopleb. Peace of Westphaliac. Effects of the WarOutline of Current Lecture I. Pre-Conditions of AbsolutismII. Francea. Henry IVb. Cardinal Richlieuc. Cardinal Marazind. Louis XIVIII. Eastern EuropeIV. Russiaa. Ivan IVb. Peter ICurrent LectureTwo forms of government emerge.o Absolutismo ConstitutionalismPreconditions of Absolutismo Traditional order of society, defined by estates and ranks within estates.- “Body Politic”o Mounting pressures on peasants and nobles.o Monarchs bent on increasing direct authority.o Social structure is like a tree. Nobility are the branches and the peasants are the trunk. Impossible for peasants to move up.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o Absolute monarchs need some kind of support.FranceHenry IV (1589-1610)o Diffused religious turmoil (Edict of Nantes)o Appealed to traditional nobility but also created “nobility of the robe”.o Economic reconstruction.o Assassinated in 1610.Cardinal Richelieu (1585-1642)o Chief Minister for underage King Louis XIII.o Made royal power supreme in France and France supreme in Europe.o Destroyed nobles opposed to king and stripped Huguenots of their rights.o Administrative restructuring: creating of intendants.Cardinal Marazin (1602-1661)o Chief Minister for young Louis XIV.o Dealt with Fronde, reestablished royal power around 1653.Louis XIV (1661-1715)o Most pronounced example of royal absolutism.o Known as the sun king.o Motto was “l’etatc’estmoi” (I am the state)o Commissioned the building of Versailles.o Strict economic policies.o Revocation of the Edict of Nantes.o Incessant wars.Eastern EuropeEastern Europe is defined as anything east of the River Elbe.Preconditions:o Less economically developedo Estate, agriculture, serfdomo Less prominent urban classo Initially weak central governments.Brandenburg Prussiao Frederick William (1640-1688) “Great Elector” Hohenzollern Dynastyo Inherited patchwork of lands, consolidated them.o Army is key to power.o Deal with local nobles.o Economics. Prussia on the path of becoming a major European player, his heirs followed this path.RussiaIvan IV (1533-1584)o Was he really terrible or grozny (awe inspiring)?o Expulsion of the Mongols.o Expansion into Siberia.o Centralization of state; new service gentry (oprichniki)o Oprichninao Economic consequences of his ruling.Times of Troubles (1584-1613)Post 1613 Stabalizationo Beginning of the Romanov Dynastyo Discontented among peasants. Ulozhenie of 1649 Peasant revolts.Peter I (1700-1725)o Was he really Peter the Great or just Peter the First?o Import of Western ideas, values, and technologies.o Changed society, bureaucracy, military.o Created Russian Navy and founded St. Petersburg.o Economic distress, burden of wars and reforms mostly on peasants. Is Peter really as great as his name