HIS 102 1st Edition Lecture 5 Outline of Last Lecture I Precondition of the Reformation a Economic Issues b Spiritual Issues II Martin Luther a 95 Theses III Resulting Conflicts IV John Calvin V The Council of Trent VI Societal Changes Outline of Current Lecture I Pre existing Conditions a France b The Netherlands c Bohemia II Thirty Years War a Impact on the People b Peace of Westphalia c Effects of the War Current Lecture Pre Existing Conditions o The radical new idea that individuals might follow their own consciences in matters of religion struck at the very foundation of European politics and social realities o Hostilities involved religion but had significant economic political and social dimensions as well In France o French Wars of Religion 1562 1598 o 1550 the spread of Calvinism scared the French kings o Kings Francis I and Henry II Had a strong Catholic rule These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute o Queen Catherine Medici takes over rule after death of Henry II 1559 o Religious war breaks out 1562 Catholics vs French Calvinists Huguenots o Saint Bartholomew s Day Massacre Aug 1572 King orders death of protestant leadership Women and children not spared Lasted 6 days o Civil war continued until King Henry III was assassinated 1589 with no heir to fill his place o Henry IV issues Edict of Nantes which promoted religious toleration and ended the religious wars The Netherlands o Ruled by King Philip II o Revolt breaks out after Philip restructures the Catholic Church to weaken the aristocracy 1566 Dutch Protestants attack Catholic Church property Army is put together to counter revolt and war breaks out in 1572 o Council of Blood Forty years of war which lead to the slaughter of thousands of Protestants o Revolting Protestants never subdued Philip dies before seeing the end of the war Northern provinces given independence and become the Protestant Dutch Republic South Spanish Netherlands stay Catholic Troubles in Bohemia o Defenestration of Prague May 1618 Catholic prince takes over Bohemia and tries to vanquish Protestant minority Administrators are thrown out the window and land in manure below o Battle of White Mountain November 1620 o Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II goes to war to make Bohemia Catholic leading to the beginning of the thirty years war o Executions of Bohemian Protestant nobility The Thirty Years War o The first 12 years of the war was a success for Ferdinand o At some point the war shifts from being a religious war to a political quest Catholic French king joins the Protestant cause to weaken the Habsburgs o 1640 war reaches a stalemate and ultimately ends after exhausting both sides Impact on the People o o o o o o o Tremendous devastations Sieges Many refugees Peasant upheavals Soldiers lived off the land Famines Diseases the plague 1 3 of Europe s population perishes Peace of Westphalia 1648 o Comprehensive peace settlement Became the model for later peace settlements o German princes now could choose their own religion o Calvinism included as a tolerated faith Effects of War o State centralization Growth of armies and bureaucracies o It was the last war that was deemed as a religious war in Europe o Power shifted away from the Habsburg powers Spain and Austria to France and England o Set the political geography of Europe