Psych 202 1st Edition Lecture 6 Clive o o o Has sensory and short term memory Implicit memories are still intact Cant engage in elaborative rehearsal Associating ideas and concepts with new concepts to remember Chunks Connect ideas Organization of explicit LTM semantic networks of related concepts o In semantic networks the activation of one concept mental grouping of items that share common properties leads to priming of semantically related concepts making their subsequent retrieval more probable Moral of above vis a vis learning tasks your next major exam in college o Don t make mistake of relying on rote maintenance rehearsal instead Consolidate knowledge by organizing it into semantic networks focus on encoding meaning Use elaborative rehearsal to build your networks Utilize chunking and hierarchies or concept maps to assist the elaborative rehearsal process Reconstructive Nature of Explicit LTM s o Research by Elizabeth Loftus picture on next slide and others shows the effects of language and external priming on the reconstructive nature of memory o For form of question can alter memory o Your own answer changes your memory o Memory is not static can change o People will confess to things they didn t do and believe later on that they did do it o The past is malleable and flexible constantly changing as our recollection reinterprets and reexplains what has happened The past is not always the past We recreate it o During original encoding of memory we store fragments of information later when trying to recall we retrieve the fragments and fill in the gaps with logic and other knowledge derived from stereotypes schemas mental structure related to a concept and scripts o Explicit memory construction is a source of distortion however adaptive o Memory is destroyed Implicit non declarative o Not directly accessible to consciousness they are non declarative unconscious o Not destroyed o Includes Procedural memory motor skills habits tactic rules These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Classical conditioning effects emotional learning Bunny s eye lid blinking when you think you re going to get puffed Pin stabbed you in hand you don t need to learn and remember that you take your hand back quickly o Examples of measuring implicit memory Nonconscious retention measured by indirect effects on performance One example Claparede s clinical study hidden pin with Korsakoff s patient 1911 compare Jimmy Mr Thompson and the below case of Clive Korsakov s Disorder o Neurological degeneration when people drink too much for too long o From nutritional deficiency from too much drinking o Mammillary bodies Connect hippocampus cant make short term into long term memory without it Destruction of mammillary bodies destroys hippocampus AKA just like Clive Anterograde amnesia specific symptom Can t learn new material Can be introduced to same person over and over Anxiety and discomfort Confabulation make stuff up Automatically unconscious person has no knowledge of what they are doing o Sack s Cases Diagnosis remedy for that diagnosis Jimmy 2 the lost mariner Mr Thompson 12 a matter of identity Mrs O C and Mrs O M 15 reminiscence Hearing music OM heard music and voices OC is better off One liked the music and reminded her of childhood Other one hated songs Weren t really hearing songs Were having seizure in temporal lobe on side of head associated with auditory memory musical epilepsy Had their heads hooked up to wires EEG measuring brain waves Had to raise hand when they heard music Showed they were having seizures at that time every time Donald 19 Murder He killed someone While he was using PCP hallucinogenic drug Auditory and visual drug Makes them have no idea what is going on around him He doesn t know how he was when he killed person Patients with temporal love amnesia involving hippocampal damage or loss of connections from hippocampus to adjacent structures still show essentially normal implicit memory function EG o If CC d to show eye blink responses to a CS they show the CR just as strongly in subsequent tests as do non amnesic subjects o If given practice with new motor skill tracing a pattern in a mirror they show normal improvement from session to session Picture in book of doing puzzle in mirror o They show emotional conditioning effects similar to normal subjects Videoclip Clive s World o His viral encephalitis resulted in damage to what 2 areas of his brain which are important why as described in lecture Hippocampus Internal lobe o Your task identify what specific types of memory strength and memory impairment does Clive demonstrate hw for each type of memory process reviewed in these lecture notes specify whether the function if intact of disturbed in Clive Cant encode transfer and consolidate verbal information but has large implicit memory function still Organic amnesia o You cant remember for biological reason o AKA blackout o Alcohol can interfere with encoding transfer consolidation o Cant remember and will not ever remember o Makes new memory impossible o Donald was said to have blackout Wasn t true He remembered later Then was traumatized for rest of life about what he did o He had retrieval failure o Incorrectly diagnosed with organic amnesia and blackout