Psych 202 1st Edition Lecture 15 Current LectureThe other half image:-Different types of neurons serve different purposes-3 Classes of Neurons:-Motor Neurons-Sensory Neurons-Interneurons: most numerous-1) Motor Neurons ( also called efferent nerves): -CNS --> muscles/glands (enable us to move, e.g.)-2) Sensory Neurons (also called afferent nerves) : -Sensory Organs --> CNS (enable us to perceive sensory inputs, like touch)-3) Interneurons: Within CNS Transmission-perform integration and organization functions-vastly outnumber Motor and Sensory Neurons (several millions of each compared to 100billion interneurons)oMost numerous-Animation of Neurotransmitters in BrainThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.-Review of Handout (Roberts’ “Elementary Lesson in Neurophysiology”)-Neuron is a cell used in communication-Neurons communicate with one another mostly through using neurotransmitters to send presynaptic neurons to postsynaptic neurons-Terminal button (at end or presynaptic neuron) AKA synaptic knob-Action potential: electric chemical current flowing down axon, in spaces between the myelin sheathsoResting potential of membrane of the axon is said to be hyperpolarized = difference in charge from one side of membrane to other side-Axon is at rest-Inside of neuron is more negative compared to outside-Outside is more positive than the inside when neuron is at rest-Charges change = depolarization, right where cell body and axon meet = axon hillock (switch very sensitive to change in charge)All or none principle (axon hillock)Depolarization-Sodium neurons flow in-Potassium neurons flow out-Pump pumps sodium out and potassium back in-More sodium outside during resting stage-Exocytosis: movement of synaptic vesicles with membrane of synaptic knob-Neurotransmitter acts like a key, needs a lock, it fits into lock which is postsynaptic receptorReuptake: neurotransmitters go back into synaptic knobCatabolism: neurotransmitters broken down into parts, metabolites, then are eliminated through blood and urine-This process is also called "enzymatic deactivation" of neurotransmitters-E.g. monoamine oxidase deactivate, neurotransmitters-Monoamine MAO: breaks down MAO transmitters-Dopamine DA-Norepinephrine NE-Serotonin 5-HToAgonists: increase/facilitate neurotransmitter effects-L-Dopa: molecule necessary in synthesizing dopamineParkinson's: difficulty initiating movementCaused partially degenerating dopamine-containing neuronsDopamine is critical in movement and control-The dopamine neurons are dying in Parkinson's diseaseIt allows you to be able to process more dopamine-Amphetamines, cocaine-Antidepressants:Tricycle inhibit NE reuptakeSSRI focus on the inhibition of serotonin reuptake-Most commonMono-amine oxidase inhibitors slow "enzymatic deactivation"Nardil-Ecstasy: releases massive amounts of serotoninDestroys terminal buttonsMore likely to become depressedoAntagonists: decrease/interfere with neurotransmitter effects-Curare: competes with Ach at junction motor nerve and muscle-Antipsychotic medications: block post-synaptic DA
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