UGS 303 1st Edition Lecture 5Outline of Last LectureI. Prometheus Bound Q & AII. Is freedom possible without a government?Outline of Current LectureI. Do we ever need a tyrant?II. How bad are tyrants?III. How would leadership best make a tyrant more effective?IV. AntigoneCurrent LectureI. The first question of the day is “do we ever need a tyrant?” A. 35% of the class says yes, 65% says no B. Woodruff says, however, that kings, teachers, and parents allmake use of tyrannical behavior at some point. 1. Just as teachers and parents must sometimes behave tyrannically in order to keep unruly children in line, perhaps a king must sometimes be tyrannical in order to keep his subjects in line. II. The next question is “how bad are tyrants? Does tyranny defeat theirpurposes?” A. 13% says “always” B. 85% says “sometimes” C. 2% says “never” III. Finally, “would leadership make a tyrant more effective? How best?” A. 31% say “communication” B. 22% say “empathy” C. 26% say “trust” D. 6% say “consistent discipline” E. 14% say “compassion” IV. Antigone was the greatest play written by Sophocles, who also wrote Oedipus the King.A. Each character’s name in Antigone has a significant meaning inGreek: 1. Antigone: born-against 2. Haemon: bloody 3. Creon: ruler 4. Polynices: prince quarrelsome 5. Eteocles: prince true-glory 6. Ismene: pleasant one B Plot 1. When Oedipus dies, Creon becomes the regent rulerof Thebes because Oedipus’ sons, Polynices andEteocles, are too young to rule.2. When they come of age, they decide that they willtake turns on the throne. Eteocles will go first. 3. When it is Polynices’ turn to rule, Eteocles refuses to giveup the throne. 4. Polynices travels to a neighboring town, marries aprincess there, raises an army, and returns to Thebes totake over the throne by force, thus starting a civil war. a Woodruff pauses here to talk about civil wars. Typically, men and boys old enough to carry weapons are killed, while women and young children are left to flee. b Today, there are somewhere around 51 millionrefugees of civil wars. c Historically, dictators prevent civil wars. Since civil wars are arguably one of the worst things that can happen to a nation, shouldn’t something that prevents them be a good thing? This is something to think aboutB. The brothers kill each other, and Creon decrees that Eteocleswill be buried and Polynices will be left to rot in the open. 1. The Greeks believed that the souls of the dead could notrest until they were buried. 5. Antigone tries twice to bury her brother, and is sentenced to deathfor it. 6. Haemon, Antigone’s fiancé and son of Creon, begs for mercy fromthe king. a) He argues that all the citizens of Thebes agree that Antigoneshould live. b) This scene is acted out twice in class, once by two female students and once by two males. Woodruff calls this scene the “generational debate.” c) This scene is immediately followed by a chorus: an ode to love and the power it has over people. This almost seems to side with Creon, as it makes Haemon look like a crazy love-struck young boy. (1) A guide to all the choral odes in the play is available onCanvas. 7. The council of the elders ratifies Creon’s decree. C. Woodruff suggests that we think about the three following things. 1. Some of Creon’s lines make him sound like a leader, and others like a tyrant. Try to read through the play and distinguish each type of line from the other. 2. Why should Creon listen to his son? He is only a kid, after all. 3. Similarly, Professor Woodruff knows more about Antigone than almost anyone in the world. Shouldn’t we just listen to him? Whyshould we form opinions of our own? Why should he listen to