Lecture 13 Outline of Last Lecture I. Human v. Beast II. How did democracy go wrong? III. The Sicilian Expedition!Outline of Current Lecture I. Sparta v. Athens II. Pericles’ Strategy III. Adversary Debate IV. Decision for War Current Lecture I. Sparta v. Athens II. Pericles’ Strategy A. Keep empire. B. Do not expand. C. Use sea power. UGS 303 1st Edition!SpartaAthensTraining (deeds)Education (words)Slave Population (helots)Far-flung EmpireTraditional GovernmentDemocracyArmyNavyNo Major PoetsGreat PoetsNo Great BuildingsParthenon Plus!!These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. !Edited with the trial version of Foxit Advanced PDF EditorTo remove this notice, visit:www.foxitsoftware.com/shopping!D. Let Sparta invade. E. This was a strategy for holding, not winning. III. Adversary Debate A. On decisions like war that thrust us into an uncertain future. B. Use of defeasible premises 1. Premises that are true often, but not always. 2. Only as good as the attempts to defeat them. C. Ad hominem arguments detract from the issues; invective is not helpful. IV. Decision for war A. Nicias v. Alcibiades B. Nicias’ Argument: 1. We still face danger from Lacedaemon and a rebellious empire. 2. Egestra is not a valuable ally. 3. If Syracuse had an empire, it would bring ruin upon them (as ours might do to us). 4. Alcibiades is too young/rich. C. Alibiades’ Argument: 1. A city of mixed ethnicities is easily divided. a) This is a defeasible premise: only true in non-democracies. Syracuse was a democracy, so this plan failed. 2. If so, Athens can easily gain help of one party in the city. 3. If so, Athens can defeat the city. 4. Syracuse has mixed ethnicity. 5. Therefore, Athens can easily defeat Syracuse. D. Why did Nicias lose the debate? 1. Greed and ambition of the people.!E. Why did Nicias not tell Athens he had failed? 1. Democracy would punish him.
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