HY 204 1st Edition Lecture 61880-1890 Birth of Jim CrowI. Cracks in Populist CoalitionA. Failed to incorporate urban working-class agitationa. Working/living conditions in urban areas is unsanitary i. Tenement housing (ex. “How the Other Half Lives” Jacob Riis)ii. 35,000 work-related deaths every yearb. Workers unite for labor unionsi. Knights of Labor1. Inclusive of women and minorities ii. American Federation of Labor1. Exclusive: only skilled workers; no minorities c. Began resisting and holding strikesi. Haymarket uprising, Homestead, PA, Pullman Strike 1. Paints unions in a bad light2. Grover Cleveland firmly against strikes B. Fractions Along Racial Linesa. Colored Farmers Alliancei. Not allowed to join white unions -> hurt Populist movement II. Election of 1896A. William Jennings Bryan- Democratic and Populist candidate a. Believes in “free silver” (soft money) i. Free up money supply to help put farmers b. First real campaign B. William McKinley- backed by Republicans and big businessa. Believes that free silver will screw up economyb. Republicans win; allows for change in the White House III. Birth of Jim Crow Segregation A. Originated from set of minstrel shows parodying African Americans a. Depicted blacks as filthy/poor/stupid B. Poll Taxes and Grandfather Clauses a. Charge a poll tax to vote (most blacks and poor whites couldn’t pay) b. You were able to bypass the poll tax via Grandfather clause i. If your grandfather was eligible to vote, you can C. Literacy testa. Required blacks and whited to take a test determining their eligibility i. Most whites were given an easier version than blacks; manipulated by those who administeredD. First place these laws take off: schoolsa. Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)i. So long as “separate but equal” facilities are available, segregation is allowsii. Homer Plessy challenged his arrest (he sat in the white section on a