HY 204 1st Edition Lecture 10WWI Making the World Safe for DemocracyI. Taft Presidency A. Deviations from Roosevelt (TR) a. Northern Securities Company vs. United States (1904)i. This company was trying to monopolize the RR and raise prices ii. Supreme Court ruled this company as a manipulative trust1. Sherman AntiTrust Act of 1890 helped this ruling iii. TR though big businesses that hurt the working class were detrimental and became known as a “trustbuster” b. Roosevelt hand selects Taft to replace him and campaigns on his behalf B. Pinchot-Ballinger Affair a. Ballinger (Secretary of Interior) had the power to dictate how land was used b. Pinchot accuses Ballinger of going against Roosevelt’s proposed ideas of conservation c. Roosevelt, livid about Taft’s indifference towards Pinchot, comes back to run for a third term II. Election of 1912A. New Nationalism (TR) vs. New Freedom (Wilson) a. Republicans don’t want Roosevelt, so he creates the Bull-Moos Partyb. Wilson & New Freedom: believes government role is to create competitive economic market B. Eugene V. Debs and the Socialist Partya. Promised to fight for the working class -> improved labor conditionsb. Actually garnered 6 percent of the votes C. Why Wilson Wona. Won the entire Southb. The Republican party was split between Taft and TRIII. Democracy Ventures Overseas, 1900-1914A. Roosevelt Corollary a. Foreign policy of “speak soft and carry a big stick” b. Commissioned 16 battleships “Great White Fleet” i. Became involved in conflicts in Central and South America ii. Helped Panama break away from Colombia 1. Resulted in access to the Panama Canal B. Dollar Diplomacy a. Taft believed in using finance to influence changeC. Wilson’s Initial Policy a. Felt incompetent in foreign policy IV. Wilson Faces War, 1917-1919A. Preserving Neutrality a. Franz Ferdinand assassinated in 1914 i. Heir to the Austro-Hungarian throneb. Wilson’s initial response was to stay out of any European conflict c. May 7, 1915- 128 passengers aboard the Lusitania were killed when German U-boats sunk the ship i. Outraged Americans-called them to fight d. Sussex Pledge- Germany pledged to stop sinking merchant vessels i. Germany disregards this promise and continues anyway B. Election of 1916a. Wilson runs on the premise that he “kept us out of war”V. US Declares War on GermanyA. Zimmerman Telegram a. Intercepted telegram urging Mexico to join Central Powers b. Promised to award them with Arizona and Texas c. Leads to Declaration of War by USB. Went to war to “make the world safe for