BBMB 405 1st Edition Lecture 8 Outline of Last Lecture XII Chapter 21 Glycogen Metabolism C Epinephrine and glucagon signal the need for glycogen breakdown D Glycogen is synthesized and degraded by different pathways E Glycogen breakdown and synthesis are reciprocally regulated Outline of Current Lecture XIII Handout 1 28 XIV Chapter 22 Fatty Acid Metabolism A Introduction B Fatty Acid Degradation C Triacylglycerols are highly concentrated energy stores Current Lecture XIII Handout 1 28 A Lipid Water insoluble organic substance found in cells that is extractable by nonpolar solvents like diethyl ether B C 18 1 is the most abundant fatty acid C CLA Conjugated linoleic Acid 1 Synthesis of CLA See handout 2 Double bonds every other carbon cis 9 and trans 11 3 Produced in rumin of cattle These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute 4 Intermediate for steric acids reduced to trans 11 D Biochemical roles for fatty acids 1 Building blocks of phospholipids and glycolipids 2 Bind proteins and target them to membranes 3 Fuel for life 4 Energy storage as triacylglycerols TAG 5 Precursor for hormones prostaglandins and intracellular and intercellular messengers eicosanoids E Healthy benefits of CLA to humans lower obesity cancer and atherosclerosis up immune function and bone strength XIV Chapter 22 Fatty Acid Metabolism A Introduction 1 Usually 2 fatty acid is unsaturated 2 Store in Adipocyte 3 Adipocytes fibroplast and trioglycerol cell becomes trioglycerols nucleus and other organelles squished to edge 4 Review Chapter 12 learn nomenclature of fatty acids B Fatty Acid Degradation C Triacylglycerols are highly concentrated energy stores 1 Triacylglycerols burns 9 kcal g 2 Dietary lipids are digested by pancreatic lipases a Most susceptible fatty acid is one on either side of triacylglycerol b End product for absorption of trioglycerols c d Glycocholate is produced in lever and is an emulsifier lipids form micells e f Note triacylglycerides should be triacylglycerols g Chylomicrons lipid droplet primarily triacylglycerols and phospholipids proteins on surface 3 Dietary lipids are transported in chylomicrons a Water insoluble goes through lymphatic system then to heart then to body b Then at adipose tissue and muscle particles bind to membrane bound lipases and are degraded into free fatty acids and monoacylglycerol for transport into tissue c Once in tissue triacylglycerols are resynthesized in cell and store or in muscle are used for energy
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