Biology M200 1st Edition Lecture 2 Outline of Last Lecture I. Definition of Microbiology and its classificationsOutline of Current Lecture II. NomenclatureA. A system of namingIII. Numerical Taxonomy (Traits)IV. PhylogeneticsV. Naming by diseaseCurrent LectureNumerical Taxonomy- Name bacteria based on trait similarity- If two microorganisms share enough “important” traits then they are the same species. - Helps us organize organisms into taxonomical groups- Most traits convert to yes or no qualifiersProblems with numerical taxonomy:- Trait choice is arbitrary- All traits are weighted equally.- Some traits are simple, some very complex.- Same trait may arise through different mechanismsPhylogenetics- Taxonomy based on similarity of gene sequences. - As time passes, microorganisms evolve, and their gene sequences slowly change. - Gene sequences must meet the following criteria:o Found in all representatives of the group studied.o Function must be the same in all representativeso Sufficient similarity between genes so that the sequences can be alignedo Sufficient differences such that each sequence has its own signature.- Ribosome genes- found in all living things, codes for part of ribosomes, relatively constant regions, highly variable regionsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Problems with Phlyogenetics:- Earlier tree had 5 kingdoms (planta, fungi, animalia, Protista, bacteria)- New tree has 3 kingdoms (bacteria, archaea, eucarya)- Bacteria were now parallel and equal to Eukaryotes.- Does NOT tell you about the properties of the organism.Naming by disease- Pathogenic species are named based on the disease they cause. - Names change, so not the best way to name