Biology M200 Lecture 1 Outline of Current Lecture II. MicrobiologyA. A science that follows the scientific method...B. The study of small (microscopic) organismsIII. Eukaryotes vs. ProkaryotesIV. Bacteria, Archaea, Eukaryotes differences and similaritiesV. Introduction to MutationsCurrent LectureEukaryotes- Contain organelles- Nucleus and membrane-enclosed- Multiple, linear chromosomes- 80S ribosomes (much larger than prokaryotes)- Animals: no cell wall- Plants: made out of cellulose- Fungi: made out of chitinProkaryotes- No organelles- “Nucleoid”- no membrane- Single, circular chromosomes- 70S ribosomes- Bacterial cell wall is made of peptidoglycan- Archaean cell wall is made of PsuedomeurinFungiMoldsA. Grow as long filaments called hyphae (branch like structures)B. Multicellular- one fungus is made up of multiple cellsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.C. Spores allow them to spread and reproduceYeastA. Grow as single cells: unicellularB. Reproduce via budding. Algae (type of protest)A. unicellular or multicellularB. “Plant-like”- make their own nutrients from the energy in sunlight (photosynthesis)C. Chloroplasts allow algae to make their own nutrients. D. Some are “Animal-like”- locomotion, cilia, flagellaBacteriaA. Unicellular- Rods, cocci, spirochetes (cork screw structure)B. Small size- simple internal organization (do not have organelles)C. Obtain nutrients and energy from a nearly infinite variety of sources. D. Diverse metabolismE. Circular chromosomeArchaeaA. unicellularB. Often live in extreme environments (ex. Bottom of the ocean)C. Often have unusual shapesD. Some can make methaneE. Diverse metabolism*Side note: bacteria and archaea are evolutionary
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