CHEM 1110 1st Edition Lecture 5 Outline of Last Lecture I. The Atomic Theory of Matter a. Greek Philosophersb. John Dalton (1766-1844)c. Three Classical Lawsd. J. J. Thompson (1856-1940)e. Robert Millikan (1868-1953)f. Ernest Rutherford (1871-1937)II. The Discovery of Atomic Structure a. IsotopesIII. Atomic weights a. Molecular MassIV. The Periodic Table a. The Significance of Groups V. Molecules and Molecular CompoundsVI. Ions and Ionic CompoundsVII. Naming Compounds Outline of Current Lecture I. The Father of Modern Chemistry a. Antoine Lavoisier II. Chemical equations a. Balancing equations III. Patterns of Chemical Reactivity a. Combination reactionsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.b. Decompostition reactionc. Combustion reaction IV. Formula Weights and MassV. The Mole VI. Empirical Formulas VII. Stoichiometrya. ConversionsVIII. Limiting Reactants a. Theoretical yield b. Percent yield Current Lecture I. The Father of Modern Chemistry a. Antoine Lavoisier (1743-1794)i. French nobleman & tax collector ii. Established chemistry as a science1. First stated Law of Conservation of Mass2. Recognized and names Oxygen & Hydrogen 3. Introduced the metric system4. Wrote first extensive list of elements 5. Authored first modern chemistry textbook (1789)iii. Guillotined during French Revolution iv. Stoichiometry = the quantitative study of the reactants and products of achemical reaction 1. A very basic and important topic 2. Employed throughout Principles of Chemistry I and IIII. Chemical Equations a. Chemical equations = a symbolic representation of a balanced chemical reactionb. Balancing Chemical Equationsi. Mass is conserved = number and type of atoms is unchanged! ii. The Method, Balancing Equations Guidelines1. Write the unbalanced equation with all components- be certain allformulas are written out correctly. a. Specify the states of matter: s (solid), l (liquid), g (gas), aq (aqueous)2. Start with the most complex chemical formula a. Balance elements that occur in only one other speciesb. Continue until all elements are atomically balanced 3. Covert coefficients to smallest integer ratio (no fractions)4. Double check your work – verify equal atom counts: total number & type of atoms on left side = type 7 number of atoms on right side III. Patterns of Chemical Reactivity a. Combination reactions occur when two or more substances (the reactants) to form one product.b. Decomposition reactions occur when one substance breaks down into two or more substances c. Combustion reactions are generally rapids reactions that produce a flame and often involve hydrocarbons reacting with oxygen in the air IV. Formula Weights (Masses) and Percent’s a. Mass % of elements A =mas s of atoms Amass of all atoms x 100 V. The Mole a. 1 mole = amount of substance that contains as many entities as there are atoms in exactly 12 grams of carbon- 12 b. Avogadro’s number of entities i. Avogadro’s number = 6.022 x 1023ii. Entities = atoms, ions, molecules, formula units c. The mole is a number concept – analogous to a pair (2), a dozen (12), or a ream (500)i. NOT a mass