CHEM 1110 1st Edition Lecture 8Outline of Last Lecture I. Properties of Aqueous Solutions a. Electrolytes in waterb. Ionic compoundsc. Molecular compounds d. Electrolytes II. Precipitation Reactionsa. Precipitate b. Solubility rulesc. Double-Displacement Reaction Outline of Current Lecture I. Acids, Bases, and Neutralization Reactions a. Arrhenius Theory b. Neutralization c. Bronsted-Lowry Theory II. Concentrations of Solutions a. Dilutions III. Solution Stoichiometry and Chemical AnalysisThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.a. Titrations IV. Oxidation-Reactions Current LectureI. Acids, Bases, and Neutralization Reactions a. Arrhenius Theory i. Acids yield H+ ions in water ii. Bases yield OH- ions in water b. Neutralization- the reaction of an acid and a basi. Acid + base -> salt + water 1. Salt = and ionic compound not containing H+, OH-, or O2-c. Bronsted- Lowry Theory i. Acid = proton donorii. Base = proton acceptor II. Concentrations of Solutions a. Solution- a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances b. Solute- the solution component present in a smaller amountc. Solvent- the solution component present in a larger amountd. Aqueous solution- a solution with water as solvent and gas, liquid or solid as solute e. Concentration- amount of solute dissolved in given quantity of solution f. Molarity (M)- the number of moles of solute in one liter of solution g. Dilutionsi. (MV)concentrated = (MV)dilute III. Solution Stoichiometry and Chemical Analysisa. Titrationsi. Qualitative analysis- what is in a sampleii. Quantitative analysis- how much is in a sampleiii. Titration- the accurate measurement of the volume of solution required to react with a sample; addition of titrant from a buret to an analyte until the end point is reached iv. Titrant- a solution of accurately know concentration v. Analyte- a solution of unknown concentration vi. Equivalence point- the exact titrant volume required to completely react with the analyte vii. End point- the experimentally measured titrant volume required to completely react with the analyte IV. Oxidation-Reactions a. Oxidation-reduction reaction- a reaction in which there is a net movement of electrons from one reactant to or towards anotheri. Oxidation occurs when an atom or ion loses electrons ii. Reduction occurs when an atom or ion gains electrons iii. Oxidation number- hypothetical number assigned to an individual atom or ion using a set of rules to keep track of loss and gain of