Scientific ThinkingRuling out co-incidence as explanationNot relying on personal experience/anecdoteEliminating sources of biasNot letting emotions, desires, influences, and interpretationsCritical ThinkingSystematically evaluating information to reach conclusion supported by evidenceBarriers to critical thinkingCo-incidenceSurprising co-occurrence of events that we perceive as meaningfully related (we get lucky)Ex. SportsLeads to superstitionLeads to beliefsPerceived as meaningfully relatedBelief of lucky charmsSelective RecallTendency to remember only facts or events that are unusual, personally enhancing or fit narrativePrevents system examinationRefers to memory processConfirmation biasTendency to attend to and accept facts that fit our preexisting beliefs and to discount facts that are contradictoryEx. Do vaccines cause autism?“cherry picking”refers to how we collect informationseek out only info that supports our beliefsprevents attempts to falsify hypothesisdon’t seek out info that contradicts our beliefsAffect BiasTendency to make judgments based on emotions with little input from deliberative reasoningMood can influence decisionsInfluence can be unconsciousPsych 1000 1st Edition Lecture 2Current Lecture OutlineI. Scientific ThinkingII. Critical Thinkinga. Barriers Current Lecture Scientific Thinking- Ruling out co-incidence as explanationo Not relying on personal experience/anecdote- Eliminating sources of biaso Not letting emotions, desires, influences, and interpretations Critical Thinking- Systematically evaluating information to reach conclusion supported by evidence  Barriers to critical thinking - Co-incidenceo Surprising co-occurrence of events that we perceive as meaningfully related (we get lucky) Ex. Sports o Leads to superstitiono Leads to beliefs  Perceived as meaningfully related Belief of lucky charms- Selective Recallo Tendency to remember only facts or events that are unusual, personally enhancing or fit narrative Prevents system examination Refers to memory process - Confirmation bias o Tendency to attend to and accept facts that fit our preexisting beliefs and to discount facts that are contradictoryo Ex. Do vaccines cause autism? o “cherry picking” refers to how we collect information seek out only info that supports our beliefs o prevents attempts to falsify hypothesiso don’t seek out info that contradicts our beliefs - Affect Bias o Tendency to make judgments based on emotions with little input fromdeliberative reasoning o Mood can influence decisions Influence can be