ATMO 170A1 Lecture 4Outline of Last Lecture I. Temperature and Heat Transfera. In – Class Experiment (Balloon and Liquid Nitrogen)II. Temperature ScalesIII. Energy Outline of Current Lecture I. Energy (Continued)II. Phase Changes (Latent Heat vs. Sensible Heat)III. Definition of Key Terms (Heat, Specific Heat, Etc.)IV. Introduction to the Mechanisms for Heat TransferEnergy (Continued)- Latent means hidden.- Water vapor → Invisible Energy◦ When water vapor condenses, it releases heat (which is an enormous amount energy).▪ This drives hurricanes and thunderstorms. Ice → Melting → Liquid → Evaporation → Vapor (Taking energy from the environment)Vapor → Condensation → Liquid → Freezing → (Energy is released to the environment)These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Phase Changes ( Latent Heat vs. Sensible Heat)- Latent heat is “locked up” in vapor and is then released during condensation.◦ Energy required = △Elatent = mass x latent heat- About six hundred calories are needed to evaporate one gram of water at room temperate. About six hundred calories are released when going from water vapor to one gram of liquid water.- Energy released is in the form of sensible heat (heat that we can feel and measure with a thermometer). ◦ Energy required = E△sensible = mass x specific heat x T △◦ △T = E△ ÷ (mass x specific heat)* T = Change in temperature△- If an object has high specific heat, it will change temperature less than an object with low specific heat, given the same energy input (sand heats up a lot more than water).- Coastal Regions:◦ High specific heat◦ Moderate climate- Inland Regions:◦ Low specific heat◦ More extreme temperature Definition of Key Terms- Heat: The energy in the process of being transferred from one object to another becauseof the temperature difference between them2- Specific Heat: The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance one degree Celsius. - Sensible Heat:◦ Changes the temperature◦ No phase change◦ △E = mass x specific heat x T△- Latent Heat:◦ No temperature change◦ Phase change◦ △E = mass x latent heatMechanisms for Heat Transfer- Conduction: Energy transport from hot to cold by random motion of atoms or molecules.◦ Temperature is associated with how fast molecules