ATMO 170 1st Edition Lecture 2Outline of Last Lecture I. Introduction to ATMO 170A1 – Reviewing the main components of the syllabusA. Attendance/Grading Policies, Course Expectations, Required TextbooksOutline of Current Lecture II. Composition of the AtmosphereIII. Definition of Key Terms (Weather/Climate)IV. The OzoneV. The Chapman CycleCurrent Lecture- Weather is the condition of the atmosphere at a particular place and time. The atmospheric parameters include:◦ Barometric Pressure◦ Cloudiness◦ Humidity◦ Precipitation◦ Temperature◦ Wind- Climate is the set of meteorological conditions that prevail in a particular place or region over a long period of time. Climate can vary over broad timescales from years to millennium.Composition of the Atmosphere- Permanent Gases◦ Stable concentration in the atmosphereThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.◦ More than 99% of the atmospheric mass◦ Nitrogen (78.08%)▪ Output from the Atmosphere: Bacteria in soil, plankton▪ Input to the Atmosphere: Decay of animal and plant matter ◦ Oxygen (20.95%)▪ Output from the Atmosphere: Decay of organic matter, respiration▪ Input to the Atmosphere: Photosynthesis in plants- Variable Gases◦ Water vapor (0.001% - 4%)▪ Output from the Atmosphere: Precipitation▪ Input to the Atmosphere: Evaporation (open water, soils), transpiration (plants)▪ A molecule of water stays in the atmosphere for ten days.▪ Evaporation requires a lot of energy. ▪ Condensation releases a lot of energy (drives hurricanes and storms).▪ H2O is the most important greenhouse gas!- Carbon Dioxide (0.0398%)◦ Output from the Atmosphere: Photosynthesis, phytoplankton ◦ Input to the Atmosphere: Decay of plants and animals, volcanoes, *burning of fossil fuels, *deforestation*Human beings are affecting these components.- CO2 is entering the atmosphere faster than it is being removed 2The Ozone- Lower Atmosphere → Pollutant (Photochemical Smog)- 97% of the Ozone resides in the stratosphere (naturally occurring)- The Ozone shields animals, humans, and plants from UV Radiation.The Chapman CycleA. O2 + UV Radiation → 2O (Photodissociation)B. O2 + O + External Agent (M) → O3 + MC. O3 + UV Radiation → O2 + O (Photodissociation)*The only result of the Chapman Cycle is the absorption of UV