ATMO 170A1 1st Edition Lecture 10 Outline of Last Lecture I. Daily Temperatures and Global Temperature Distributiona. Daytime b. NighttimeII. Daily Temperature VariationsOutline of Current Lecture II. Controls of Global TemperatureA. LatitudeB. Land/WaterC. Ocean CurrentsD. Elevation a. Wind Chill IndexIII. Measuring Air TemperatureCurrent LectureControls of Global Temperature- Latitude (solar angle and day length)◦ It is cooler towards the poles (higher than the equator).◦ Iso th erms: Lines connecting places of equal temperature- Land/Water◦ There is a different specific heat between land and water. ◦ Ocean: Heat penetrates deep (avection, conduction, convection).◦ Land: Heat penetrates a very shallow layer (conduction).These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.◦ The Northern Hemisphere → Larger contrasts between the summer and the winter (more land/larger range in annual temperature)◦ The Southern Hemisphere → More homogeneous (less land/smaller range in annual temperature)- Ocean Currents◦ The California Current causes San Francisco brings cold polar water towards the tropics (causes it to be foggy). ◦ The Gulf Stream brings warm tropical water towards the poles.◦ The western parts of continents → cold currents◦ The eastern parts of continents → warm currents▪ Europe has mild winters due to the warm currents (North Atlantic Drift).- Elevation (cooling and increase in range)◦ As air temperature decreases with height, cities that are higher in altitude will have lower temperatures.▪ That is why Denver is cold in the winter.◦ 6.5° cooler for every km you move up.◦ Wind Chill Index: Our perception of cold is really about how quickly we are losing energy.▪ 10°C → No wind → Person feels 10°C (Body is losing heat through conduction)▪ 10°C → 10 mm of wind → Person feels -4°C (Body is losing heat through avection)▪ The faster the wind around you, the faster you can lose energy.▪ Water on exposed skin conducts heat faster than air does so rainy days feel colder than dry ones (at the same temperature).▪ Body loses heat through both avection and conduction → Feels colder than 10°C2Measuring Air Temperature- Thermometers: Liquid-in-glass (maximum, minimum)- Air temperature must be measured in shade. It is impossible to measure temperature accurately in direct sunlight (glass absorbs solar radiation